Synthesis and Integration of Global Air-Sea Gas and Particle Fluxes to Improve Models and Assessments of Future Climate and Pollution

多年来开展了大量工作，以测量全球海洋及其上覆大气中的化学物质和小颗粒，包括陆源粉尘。这些化学物质和颗粒在决定地球气候和我们呼吸的空气质量方面发挥着重要作用。此外，来自陆地表面的尘埃通过大气层输送，并分布在全球各地。其中一些来自陆地的尘埃沉积到海洋中，提供了一种营养物质，特别是铁，这对海洋微型植物(浮游生物)的生计至关重要。我们建议与科学界合作，将这些测量数据合并到大型数据库中，并利用它们以及有关化学物质和颗粒在空气和海洋之间交换速率的最新信息，尽可能对海洋和大气之间交换的物质数量作出最好的估计。更好地了解这些化合物和颗粒的相对数量以及它们在海洋和大气之间的交换将对试图对地球气候和空气质量进行模拟的科学家们特别有益。这些信息还将有助于预测由于大气中二氧化碳含量增加及其对海洋酸度、温度和海洋混合的影响等因素造成的未来变化。对于政策制定者来说，此类模型的预测对于最大限度地提高缓解和适应气候及其他全球变化的效益和成本具有重要意义。

A large amount of work has taken place over a number of years to make measurements of chemicals and small particles, included land-derived dust, in both the global ocean and its overlying atmosphere. These chemicals and particles play important roles in determining the Earth's climate and the quality of the air we breathe. In addition, dust derived from the land surface is transported through the atmosphere and becomes distributed globally. Some of this land-derived dust deposits onto the oceans and provides a source of nutrients, particularly iron, which are vital to the livelihood of marine microscopic plants (plankton). We propose to work with the scientific community to bring such measurements together into large databases and to use them, along with the most up-to-date information on rates at which chemicals and particles exchange between the air and the sea, to make the best possible estimates of the amounts of materials exchanging between the ocean and the atmosphere. An improved understanding of the relative amounts of these compounds and particles and their exchange between the ocean and atmosphere will be particularly beneficial to scientists who are trying to model the Earth's climate and air quality. This information will also be useful for predicting future changes due to factors such as increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and its affect on ocean acidity, temperature and ocean mixing. The predictions from such models are important to policy makers in order to maximise the benefits and minimise the costs of mitigating and adapting to climate and other global changes.