OCULAR DEVELOPMENT IN INFANCY/EARLY CHILDHOOD

出生后眼睛生长最快的阶段发生在第一个阶段， 多年的生活。 尽管对屈光不正的发展有很多了解， 在婴儿期的错误，有一个小的生物统计数据上的眼睛 在婴儿期或幼儿期使用。 婴儿的过程 折射和成分的发展可以揭示这两个基本的 眼睛生长的机制以及与青少年屈光不正的可能联系 错误. 在鸡和灵长类动物模型中进行的动物研究表明， 对屈光不正的符号和大小敏感， 调整其增长率以减少这些误差。 近期纵向 对婴儿屈光的研究发现， 婴儿期和儿童后期的散瞳视网膜检影。纵向 婴儿期的屈光和生物特征数据将使检查成为可能， 眼睛对初始屈光不正的反应性， 负责正视化，以及如何组成和屈光不正， 负责正视化成分，以及成分和 在生命的最初几年屈光发展与眼 童年的成长 伯克利婴儿生物统计学研究（BIBS）是一项为期五年的纵向研究， 三个月至三岁的婴幼儿的眼部成分 年 它的目标是确定年轻人的眼睛会发生什么变化， 儿童在这段时间内，以及这些变化如何适应一个模型， 主动或被动的正视化。 考试 作为初始屈光不正函数的婴儿成分发育 作为正视化程度的函数， 成分是屈光不正和正视化的基础。 我们测量折射率 误差，包括散光、两个子午线的角膜曲率、前 腔室深度、晶体透镜厚度和表面曲率 子午线、玻璃体腔深度和眼轴长度。 我们将决定如何 眼轴长度、角膜曲率和晶状体透镜的变化 在这个快速生长阶段，曲率是协调的。我们将 研究哪些眼部成分-角膜或晶状体-负责 先前报道的婴儿期散光和早期散光的消失 童年.

The most rapid phase of post-natal ocular growth occurs during the first years of life. Although much is known about the development of refractive error in infancy, there is little biometric data available on the ocular components during either infancy or early childhood. The course of infant refractive and component development can shed light on both basic mechanisms of eye growth as well as possible links with juvenile refractive error. Animal studies in chicken and primate models suggests that the eye is sensitive to the sign and magnitude of refractive error, with the eye adjusting its rate of growth to reduce these errors. Recent longitudinal studies of infant refraction have found associations between non- cycloplegic retinoscopy in infancy and in later childhood. Longitudinal refractive and biometric data from infancy will make it possible to examine the responsiveness of the eye to initial refractive error, the components responsible for emmetropization, and how component and refractive error, the components responsible for emmetropizatin, and how component and refractive development in the first years of life are related to ocular growth in childhood. The Berkely Infant Biometry Study (BIBS) is a five-year longitudinal study of the ocular components in infants and toddlers aged three months to three years. Its goal is to determine what changes occur in the eyes of young children during this time period and how these changes fit into a model of emmetropization that is either active or passive. Examination for component development in infants as a function of initial refractive error and as a function of the degree of emmetropization will indicate which components underlie ametropia and emmetropization. We measure refractive error, including astigmatism, corneal curvature in two meridians, anterior chamber depth, crystalline lens thickness and surface curvatures in two meridians, vitreous chamber depth, and axial length. We will determine how changes in the axial length, corneal curvature, and crystalline lens curvatures are coordinated during this rapid growth phase. We will investigate which ocular components-cornea or lens-are responsible for the previously reported astigmatism in infancy and its disappearance in early childhood.