Developing a sustainable, ecosystem-based coastal climate change adaptation routemap for policy makers and practitioners.

我们的海岸线在英国和世界范围内都面临着越来越大的压力。这些压力是由人类活动造成的——因为越来越多的人想要在海边生活、退休和度假——还有气候变化和海平面上升。许多沿海地区已经显示出这些压力综合影响的迹象。这在2013/14年冬季影响英国大部分地区的强烈而持久的风暴中得到了证明。沿海社区的主要铁路遭到破坏，海堤遭到破坏，悬崖迅速侵蚀，洪水影响了生活、健康、生计和经济。我们迫切需要了解海岸线面临的风险，并决定如何最好地调整海岸线，使我们在一个风暴日益增多的世界中生活得更安全。越来越清楚的是，传统的保护海岸线的方法并不总是有效，维护成本高昂，而且往往会产生负面的生态后果。在许多地方，我们正在从一个保卫海岸的时代转变为一个学习适应不断变化的海岸线的时代。《科学》杂志最近的一篇文章表明，科学家和环境管理人员一致认为，了解和管理沿海社区和生态系统将如何受到气候变化的影响，是我们在未来十年需要回答的第三个最重要的环境管理问题。在英国，社会适应气候变化的共识和不断增长的立法要求，包括我们如何管理海岸以减少洪水和风暴的风险。例如，在英国，海岸线管理计划为我们未来的海岸线管理提供了强有力的政策建议。在许多领域，建议当前的“守住底线”（hold the line）政策。“保卫海岸”被“有管理的重新调整”或“回滚”所取代，我们需要改变我们管理海岸的方式。目前缺少的是一个明确的科学和政策途径，它可以帮助沿海管理者和土地所有者确定设计和资助沿海适应方案的最佳方法，从而在当地实现“有管理的调整”。本项目将通过以下方式解决这一差距：审查、汇编和出版关于如何使生态系统和社区适应沿海气候变化的全球研究的最佳实践示例。2. 回顾最近关于生态系统对社会的重要服务（如清洁水和减少洪水风险）如何在我们改变海岸线管理方式的同时保持和理想地改善的科学研究。3. 来自2的科学证据将作为路线图的基础，帮助沿海土地所有者和管理者最好地制定切实可行的战略，使我们的海岸线和沿海社区适应不断变化的气候。该项目还将确定关键的融资机制和政策，这些机制和政策可用于在当地社区实施沿海气候变化适应项目。我将与各种关键团体（包括核心合作伙伴和参与网络的成员）一起测试Routemap，这些团体将使用该工具来帮助我们的沿海社区，如沿海地区的地方议会和企业，以适应未来的发展。这将确保我们设计的工具满足他们的需求，并使用来自康沃尔郡、萨福克郡和苏格兰的当地案例研究来展示其能力。我将衡量新工具如何帮助改变人们的工作方式，以及他们给出的指导。由于该项目将与一个国际资助的沿海气候变化适应项目相关联，我将利用这一专业知识来告知我们在英国所做的工作。我还将在全球范围内展示英国的分析结果，展示英国在这一领域的世界领先专业知识。为了实现目标1-4，我让核心项目合作伙伴以外的人参与进来——他们是英国领先的企业、政府机构和气候变化适应慈善机构（目标5）。

Our coastline is under increasing pressure both in the UK and worldwide. These pressures are caused by human activities - as more and more of us want to live, retire and holiday by the seaside - and also by changing climate and sea-level-rise. Many coastal areas are already showing signs of the combined effects of these pressures. This was demonstrated during the intense and prolonged storms that affected large areas of England in winter 2013/14. Coastal communities experienced damage to mainline railways, destruction of seawalls, rapid cliff erosion and flooding that affected life, health, livelihoods and the economy. We urgently need to understand the risks to our coastline and determine how we can best adapt our coastline to make it safer for us to live in an increasingly stormy world. It is ever more clear that traditional approaches of defending our coastline do not always work, are expensive to maintain and often have negative ecological consequences. In many locations, we are shifting from an era of defending the coast to one where we learn to adapt to a changing coastline. A recent article in Science Magazine shows that scientists and environmental managers agree that understanding and managing how coastal communities and ecosystems will be affected by a changing climate is the third most important environmental management question we need to answer in the next decade. In the UK, there is general agreement and growing legislative requirements for society to adapt to a changing climate, including how we manage the coast to reduce the risks of flooding and storms. For example, in England, Shoreline Management Plans have strong policy recommendations for the future management of our coastline. In many areas, it is recommended that the current policy of 'hold the line' (aka. defend the coast) is replaced with 'managed realignment' or 'roll-back' where we need to change how we manage the coast. What is currently missing is a clear scientific and policy pathway that helps coastal managers and landowners identify the best methods of designing and funding coastal adaptation options to deliver 'managed realignment' locally. This project will seek to address this gap by: 1. Reviewing, compiling and publishing best practice examples from global research about how to adapt ecosystems and communities to climate change at the coast. 2. Reviewing recent scientific research on how essential ecosystem services for society (such as clean water and reduced flood risk) can be maintained and ideally improved as we change how we manage our coastline. 3. Scientific evidence from 2 will be used as the basis for a Routemap to help coastal landowners and managers best develop practical strategies for adapting our coastline and coastal communities to a changing climate. The project will also identify the key funding mechanisms and policies that can be used to make coastal climate change adaptation projects happen in local communities. I will test the Routemap with a variety of key groups (including core partners and members of the engaged network) that will use the tool to help future-proof our coastal communities such as local councils and businesses that operate along the coast. This will make sure that we have designed a tool that meets their needs and uses local case studies from Cornwall, Suffolk and Scotland to show its capacity. I will measure how the new tool has helped change how people work and the guidance they give.4. As the project will be linked to an internationally funded project on coastal climate change adaptation, I will draw on this expertise to inform what we do in the UK. I will also showcase the results of the UK analysis worldwide, demonstrating the UK's world leading expertise in this field. To achieve Objectives 1-4, I involve people beyond my core project partners - who are leading UK businesses, government agencies and climate change adaptation charities (Objective 5).