Advancing the degree of implementation of Natural Flood Management

有很大的潜力与自然过程的工作，以大大减少洪水对村庄和城镇的影响，并可能对我们的大城市。现在已经在几个地点展示了一些例子，这些例子表明，在当地规模（10平方公里），软工程结构可以减缓、储存和缓冲径流，同时为沉积物流失和污染控制带来多种好处。为NFM特征创造的空间，如池塘、改良沟渠、木质残体坝和洼地，也是改善生态状况和新栖息地的场所。对水文径流路径的基本操纵以及在洪水期间对当地水力和能源制度的修改，可以对下游产生切实的好处，并可以形成更广泛的基于流域的流域管理方法的基础。贝尔福德项目（由纽卡斯尔和EA领导）和其他NFM示范点等项目在塑造政府对NFM潜力的思考方面产生了很大的影响。EA现在鼓励NFM作为一种可行的方法来降低洪水管理成本，特别是对于使用传统方法解决成本高昂的位置。纽卡斯尔已经与EA合作，作为“与自然过程合作倡议”的一部分，该倡议正在寻求改善英国的NFM吸收。然而，采用非森林管理的若干障碍仍然存在，希望该项目将有助于解决这些问题。非森林管理和集水管理的供资结构是零敲碎打的，分散在许多机构。传统的硬工程和软工程（或基于自然的解决方案）之间的对比仍然很高，需要在当地农场的NFM工作和传统的洪水管理专业人员之间进行协调。NFM的证据基础虽然增长缓慢，但需要通过使用鼓励NFM吸收的KE战略以令人信服的方式加速和捕获。需要更好地了解河流恢复计划、方法和资金（这已经是ARUP的专长）。如何将已建立的河流恢复方法发展并向上游转移到较小的河流，以便从源头上进行径流管理？NFM在单一特征规模上工作的证据也很强，因此升级这些方法的必要性至关重要。通过使用基于比例理论的合理科学论证、新模型和改进的监测方法，可以最好地解决扩大问题。为此，ARUP和纽卡斯尔大学将创建一个现实的技术和成本效益的资助模型，以表明NFM可以在更大的规模上进行，并带来切实的好处，更快，更便宜，更容易交付。其目的是展示NFM的科学基础，以及如何实现多重效益以及为什么。有可能进一步扩展到集水系统科学的NFM的科学基础，表明NFM可以在未来的集水管理中发挥重要作用。该项目团队将继续影响政府对NFM方法的政策，并将试图通过我们的CPD课程和高知名度的出版物在英国创造新一代的NFM科学家和从业者。

There is great potential to work with natural processes to substantially reduce flood impacts on villages and towns and potentially on our larger cities. Examples have now been shown at several locations that show at the local scale (10km2) that soft engineered structures can slow, store and buffer runoff whilst giving multiple benefits to sediment losses and pollution control. The space created for NFM feature such as ponds, modified ditches, woody debris dams and swales are also sites of improved ecological status and new habitats. The fundamental manipulation of hydrological runoff pathways and the modification of the local hydraulic and energy regimes during flood flow, can have tangible benefits downstream and could form the basis of a broader catchment based approach to catchment management. Projects such as the Belford Project (led by Newcastle and the EA) and other NFM demonstration sites have had high impact in terms shaping government thinking on the NFM potential. NFM is now encouraged by the EA as a viable approach to lower cost flood management, especially for locations that would be expensive to resolve using traditional methods. Newcastle is already working with the EA as part of the Working with Natural Processes Initiative which is seeking to improve NFM uptake in the UK. However, several barriers to NFM uptake remain and it is hoped that this project will help resolve these issues. The funding structure for NFM and catchment management is piecemeal and fragmented and it is spread across many agencies. The contrast between traditional hard engineering and soft engineering (or nature-based solutions) is still high and a reconciliation between NFM work on local farms and the traditional flood management professionals is needed. The evidence base for NFM, although growing slowly, needs to be accelerated and captured in a compelling manner by using KE strategies that will encourage NFM uptake. Better understanding of River Restoration schemes methods and funding (which is already an ARUP specialism) is needed. How can the established river restoration methods be evolved and moved upstream to smaller streams to look at runoff management at source? Evidence that NFM works at the scale of single features is also strong, hence the need to upscale these approaches is vital. The scaling up issue will be best achieved by using sound scientific arguments based on scaling theory, new models and improved monitoring methods.To this end ARUP and Newcastle University will create a realistic technological and cost effective funding model to show that NFM can be carried out across larger scales, with tangible benefits, which is quicker, cheaper and easier to deliver. The aim is to show the scientific basis for NFM and how the multiple benefits can be achieved and why. There is potential to further extend the NFM scientific basis into Catchment System Science to show that NFM can play a major role in catchment management in the future. The project team will continue to influence government policy on NFM methods and will attempt to create a new generation of NFM scientists and practitioners in the UK through our CPD courses and high profile publications.