MOTOR LEARNING IN SMOOTH PURSUIT EYE MOVEMENTS

这项研究的长期目标是确定地点， 自主运动系统中的运动学习机制 这在很大程度上依赖于大脑皮层的输入， 使用皮质桥脑小脑通路 平滑追踪眼睛 运动符合这些标准，因此提供了一个模型， 用于揭示运动学习原理的系统， 推广到肢体动作的学习。 在正常 条件下，需要移动目标来产生追踪， 目标运动的开始唤起和早期眼睛加速度， 与目标速度相关的振幅。 了初步成效 证明了在这个早期间隔中的眼睛加速度可以 如果目标以一个速度启动，则调整为较大或较小 并且在100ms之后，经历速度的阶跃增加或减小。 这种学习大约需要30分钟，是可逆的， 在同一时间内重复。 在这项补助金中，一个目标是 在学习之前和之后使用眼动测量， 确定学习是否也表达在对 在持续追击过程中目标运动的短暂扰动。 第二个目标将记录学习的表达， 小脑皮质通过以下个人浦肯野反应 在学习之前，期间和之后，絮状叶中的细胞。 的 第三个目标将使用微刺激和记录在外纹 视觉区MT和MST。 单个部位的微刺激 在学习之前和之后，将揭示学习地点是否 在从MT和MST到小脑的通路中。 录音 将跟踪单个细胞的反应之前，期间， 学习后，揭示学习是否可以发生在大脑中， 皮层 最终的目标是发展一类新的追踪模型 它基于真实的视觉输入， 这里获得的数据。 结果将提供深入了解 运动学习的正常过程，并可能提供信息 关于如何治疗和逆转运动障碍，特别是那些 是通过重复使用同一个动作来学习的。

The long-term goal of this research is to determine the sites and mechanisms of motor learning in a voluntary movement system that depends heavily on inputs from the cerebral cortex and that uses the cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathways. Smooth pursuit eye movements meet these criteria and therefore afford a model system for revealing principles of motor learning that may generalize to learning of somatic movements. Under normal conditions, a moving target is needed to generate pursuit and the onset of target motion evokes and early eye acceleration at an amplitude related to target speed. Preliminary results have demonstrated that the eye acceleration in this early interval can be adapted to be larger or smaller if the target starts at one speed and, after 100ms, undergoes a step increase of decrease in speed. This learning takes about 30 minutes and is reversible and repeatable over the same time course. In this grant, one aim will use measurements of eye movements before and after learning to determine whether learning is also expressed in the response to a brief perturbation of target motion given during sustained pursuit. A second aim will record the expression of learning in the cerebellar cortex by following the responses of individual Purkinje cells in the floccular lobe before, during, and after learning. The third aim will use microstimulation and recording in extrastriate visual areas MT and MST. Microstimulation at an individual site before and after learning will reveal whether sites of learning are in the pathways from MT and MST to the cerebellum. Recordings will follow the responses of individual cells before, during, and after learning, to reveal whether learning can occur in the cerebral cortex. The final aim will develop a new class of pursuit model that is based on realistic visual inputs and that can reproduce the data obtained here. The results will provide insights into the normal processes of motor learning and may provide information about how to treat and reverse motor disorders, especially those that are learned through repetitive use of the same movement.