Neural Control of Eye Movement

感觉皮层和运动皮层通过处理视觉信息，共同提供运动的视觉指导 输入，并提供自愿调制这些输入如何强烈地到达皮层下运动电路。的 目前的提议使用平滑的追踪眼球运动来询问视觉和运动皮层如何相互作用以产生 流畅的追踪眼球运动首先，它将研究“增益控制”的神经基础。在追击中， 前眼野的眼动区域（FEFSEM）调节追求的视觉驱动的强度。 来自感觉区MT、运动区FEFSEM及其脑干靶点的记录将询问如何获得控制 a）当目标在追踪或注视期间受到扰动时，以及B）对于高对比度和低对比度， 对比视觉刺激，产生高和低的增益在追求的启动。第二，研究将 评估追踪潜伏期的神经基础它将扩大初步数据显示， MT中神经潜伏期和追踪潜伏期的关系。它会问是否潜伏期或反应幅度， FEFSEM与追踪潜伏期相关性更好。它还将记录两种结构中的多个单个神经元， 证明了在整个人群中，乳酸菌的相关性有多强。第三，建议的研究将 在MT和FEFSEM中同时记录多个单个神经元，以确定 两个区域之间的功能连接，并提供约束信号如何 当它们从皮层的感觉区移动到运动区时会发生变化。综合计算分析将 通过回答以下关键问题来告知实验方法：1）MT区域的输出如何 同时用于估计目标运动的速度和方向，并确定 运动系统应该重视感觉证据; 2）MT，FEFSEM和 下游运动系统，以及该系统如何解释平均值，变化和相关性 3）MT和FEFSEM如何相互作用以控制追踪潜伏期。的 拟议中的研究将朝着了解电路内的多个站点如何 追踪眼球运动协调运动的视觉引导。

Sensory and motor cortices cooperate to provide the visual guidance of movement by processing visual inputs and providing voluntary modulation of how strongly those inputs reach sub-cortical motor circuits. The present proposal uses smooth pursuit eye movements to ask how visual and motor cortex interact to produce smooth pursuit eye movements. First, it will study the neural basis for “gain-control”. In pursuit, the smooth eye movement region of the frontal eye fields (FEFSEM) modulates the strength of visual-drive for pursuit. Recordings from sensory area MT, motor area FEFSEM, and their brainstem targets will ask how gain control is represented a) when a target is perturbed during pursuit or fixation and b) for high-contrast and low- contrast visual stimuli, which produce high and low gains in the initiation of pursuit. Second, the research will evaluate the neural basis for pursuit latency. It will expand on preliminary data showing a trial-by-trial relationship between neural and pursuit latency in MT. It will ask whether latency or response amplitude in FEFSEM is better related to pursuit latency. It also will record from multiple single neurons in both structures to document how strongly the latencies are correlated across the population. Third, the proposed research will record simultaneously from multiple single neurons in MT and FEFSEM to determine the nature of the functional connectivity between the two areas, and to provide data that constrain how signals are transformed as they move from sensory to motor areas of the cortex. Integrated computational analyses will inform the experimental approaches by answering key questions such as: 1) how is the output from area MT used simultaneously to estimate the speed and direction of target motion and to determine how strongly the motor system should weight sensory evidence; 2) what is the functional connectivity among MT, FEFSEM, and the downstream motor system, and how can the system account for the mean, variation, and correlations among neural and behavioral responses; 3) How do MT and FEFSEM interact to control pursuit latency. The proposed research will make large steps towards understanding how multiple sites within the circuit for pursuit eye movements coordinate visual guidance of movement.