Role of neural variation in smooth pursuit eye movements

神经变异在平滑追踪眼球运动中的作用

• 批准号: 8141342
• 负责人: STEPHEN G LISBERGER
• 金额: $ 17.62万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8141342
• 关键词: Agreement; Area; Attention; Basal Ganglia; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Models; Brain; Brain Stem; Cerebellum; Cerebral cortex; Code; Collaborations; Complex; Eye; Eye Movements; Funding Agency; Generations; Goals; Human; Knowledge; Laboratories; Learning; Link; Literature; Measures; Monkeys; Motion; Motor; Motor Cortex; Movement; Neurons; Neurosciences Research; Output; Parietal; Pathway interactions; Phase; Play; Population; Process; Research; Residual state; Rewards; Role; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Site; Smooth Pursuit; Speed; System; Systems Analysis; Testing; Time; Variant; Visual; Work; area MT; base; driving behavior; expectation; extrastriate visual cortex; eye velocity; falls; frontal eye fields; frontal lobe; interest; motor learning; neural circuit; neuromechanism; nonhuman primate; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sensory cortex; tool; visual feedback; working group

Smooth pursuit eye movements are a well-understood behavior with a known neural substrate. Pursuit is generated when a target moves smoothly. It depends on a traditional cortical-cerebellar circuit with inputs from sensory cortex, processing in parietal sensory-motor areas, and motor commands from a frontal motor area. Outputs from the cerebral cortex interact with cerebro-cerebellar circuits and cerebro-basal ganglia circuits to generate motor commands. Much is known about the mean responses of neurons in these areas and how they contribute to the generation of the average pursuit movement. However, the analysis of variation in neural codes and pursuit behavior opens a new vista. The sensory input for pursuit is highly variable, yet the behavior itself is remarkably precise. The presence and ease of quantifying variation in the neural signals and the behavior offers the opportunity to ask where neural variation falls on the continuum from being a negative, neutral, or positive component of the neural generation of behavior. This project will focus on the frontal pursuit area (FPA), near the saccadic frontal eye fields and will ask 3 questions that are tightly linked to the aims of the Conte Center for Neuroscience Research. First, it will ask how much the neural code in the FPA varies and what fractions of the variance are 1) related to the behavior and 2) "residual", unrelated to the behavior. How do these fractions vary over the different phases of a pursuit movement? Second, it will use differential reward and penalty to modulate the distribution of behavioral variation and explore how that variation is effected by changes in the neural variation in the FPA. Third, it will explore neural variation in the FPA during the instructional period for visually-guided learning in pursuit, and during the subsequent expression of learning. The research in this project will contribute to the overall goals of the CCNR by providing an exemplar behavior where narrowly defined, quantitative questions can be answered about the specific roles of neural variation in a tightly controlled and well-understood behavior. In addition, an understanding of how the frontal cortex controls pursuit may help us to understand why schizophrenics have such profound deficits in smooth pursuit eye movements.

平滑追踪眼球运动是一种具有已知神经基质的众所周知的行为。追求是 当目标平滑移动时产生。它依赖于传统的皮质-小脑回路， 来自感觉皮层，顶叶感觉运动区的处理，以及来自额叶运动区的运动命令 区大脑皮层的输出与小脑-小脑回路和小脑-基底神经节相互作用 电路来生成电机指令。关于这些区域神经元的平均反应， 以及它们是如何促成平均追求运动的。然而，分析 神经编码和追踪行为的变化开辟了一个新的前景。追求的感官输入是高度 变量，但行为本身非常精确。量化的变化的存在和容易性， 神经信号和行为提供了一个机会，询问神经变异福尔斯在连续统中的位置 作为行为的神经生成的消极、中性或积极成分。该项目将 专注于正面追踪区域（FPA），靠近扫视正面眼场，并会问3个问题， 与康特神经科学研究中心的目标紧密相连。首先，它会问， FPA中的神经代码变化，以及方差的哪些部分1）与行为相关，以及2） “残留”，与行为无关。这些分数在追击的不同阶段是如何变化的 运动？第二，它将使用差别奖励和惩罚来调节行为分配， 变化，并探讨该变化如何受到FPA中神经变化的影响。三是 将探讨在视觉引导学习追求教学期间FPA的神经变化， 以及在随后的学习表达过程中。该项目的研究将有助于全面 CCNR的目标，通过提供一个示范行为，在那里可以定义狭义的定量问题， 回答了神经变异在严格控制和充分理解的行为中的具体作用。在 此外，了解额叶皮层如何控制追求可能有助于我们理解为什么 精神分裂症患者在平稳的眼球运动中有严重的缺陷。