Greenhouse Gas Removal in the Land Sector - Addressing the Gaps (GGRiLS - Gaps)

在土地部门消除温室气体--解决差距(GGRiLS-GAP)是GGR方案下的一项具体专题提案。巴黎协定承诺各国将气候变暖控制在“远低于2摄氏度”。模型研究表明，如果不从大气中消除大量温室气体，我们就不太可能实现目标。实现这一目标的选择包括大规模植树造林、森林管理、农业管理以增加土壤中的碳吸收，以及具有碳捕获和排放储存的生物能源(BECCS)。196个国家向土地部门提交了减排承诺(国家自主贡献)，约占计划减排的四分之一，主要来自减少砍伐森林和森林管理。承诺的减排与实现2摄氏度目标之间存在很大差距。有必要提供关于土地部门温室气体消除(GGR)备选方案的具体信息，以便分析其对缩小排放差距的潜在贡献，并提高各国未来承诺的雄心。要实现GGR备选方案，就必须对它们进行激励，为此，有必要对它们进行国别评估。这应该包括对环境、粮食和可持续发展的积极和消极影响。国家一级的评估是必要的，以使国家政策制定者能够确定实现既定温度目标所需的雄心水平，以及在作出决定的规模上什么是可行和可取的。这将为国际金融和能力建设的目标提供信息。该项目将量化国家一级(主要国家)土地部门的减排差距。这将通过分析现有的示范设想和产出来完成，并在有产出时补充整个全球增长报告方案的产出。将确定国别案例研究，以便利用关于土地覆盖和生物量的卫星数据和森林碳核算模型，更深入地分析全球气候变化报告的潜力。这些信息将用于科学家和政策制定者之间的对话，以确定选择方案并激励活动，为提高GGR部署的雄心铺平道路。温室气体排放和汇的监测、报告和核查方法(MRV)因国家和科学方法而异。按照《巴黎协定》的要求，MRV的透明度对于确保缓解效力和进一步激励可持续活动至关重要。该项目将阐明与科学界和政策界合作，在土地部门内部和跨部门(如能源)准确评估全球GGR潜力和选择的适当方法。它将在结合几个学科的方法以支持土地部门为达成《巴黎协定》而采取的行动方面取得突破。

Greenhouse Gas Removal in the Land Sector - Addressing the Gaps (GGRiLS - Gaps) is a Topic-specific proposal under the GGR programme. The Paris agreement commits countries to limit climate warming to "well below 2 degrees C". Modelling studies show that it is unlikely that we will be able to meet the target without removing a significant quantity of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. Options for achieving this include large-scale afforestation, forest management, agricultural management to increase the uptake of carbon in soils, and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage of emissions (BECCS). 196 countries have submitted emission reduction pledges (Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, INDCs) with the land sector, accounting for about a quarter of planned mitigation, mainly from reduced deforestation and forest management. A large gap exists between pledged mitigation and what is necessary to achieve a 2 degrees target. Specific information is necessary on land sector Greenhouse Gas Removal (GGR) options in order to analyse their potential contribution to closing the emissions gap, and raise the ambition of countries' future pledges. For GGR options to be realised it is necessary for them to be incentivised, and for this it is necessary for them to be assessed on a country basis. This should include both positive and negative consequences for the environment, food, and sustainable development. Country-level assessment is necessary to enable national policy makers to identify the level of ambition that would be needed to achieve given temperature targets, and what is feasible and desirable, at the scale at which decisions are made. This will inform the targeting of international finance and capacity building. This project will quantify the emissions reduction gap in the land sector at a country level (for major countries). This will be done through an analysis of existing model scenarios and outputs, supplemented with outputs across the GGR programme as they become available. Country case studies will be identified for a deeper analysis of GGR potential using satellite data on land cover and biomass, and using a forest carbon accounting model. This information will be used in dialogues between scientists and policy makers to identify options and incentivise activity, laying out pathways for raising ambition in GGR deployment. Methods for Monitoring Reporting and Verification (MRV) of greenhouse gas emissions and sinks vary across countries and across scientific approaches. Transparency in MRV, as required under the Paris Agreement, is essential to ensure mitigation effectiveness and further incentivise sustainable activity. This project will clarify the methodological approaches that are appropriate to adopt for accurately assessing GGR potentials and options within the land sector and across sectors (e.g. energy), working with both the science and policy communities. It will achieve breakthroughs in the joining up of approaches from several disciplines to support action towards the Paris agreement in the Land Sector.