Towards environmental reconciliation in Páramo land in Boyacá: resolving ecosystem trade-offs in post-conflict spaces

土地是哥伦比亚旷日持久的武装冲突的核心，现在是和平协议成功的支柱。这场战争改变了该国的社会格局，就像改变了自然景观一样，除非他们直面冲突的遗留问题，否则解决生态平衡的努力注定要失败。几十年的冲突使数百万人失去了他们的土地和传统生计，扰乱了社会结构和生态。博亚卡的帕拉莫地区就是这些社会生态冲突的例证。在过去的50年里，博亚卡经历了争夺资源的严重冲突，表现为对当地社区的土地掠夺、剥夺和流离失所。过去十年，随着矿业繁荣，情况恶化，迫使传统的坎比西诺进入Páramo土地，目前该地区正在授予的水力压裂特许权使情况变得更加复杂。在和平协议之后，博亚卡面临着严重的环境问题，特别是与PáRamos有关的问题，地方当局将不得不划定该地区的边界，以保护生态系统和生物多样性。在这样做的过程中，他们可能会在有争议的土地使用之间产生潜在的新冲突。他们的决策需要在保护优先事项和对流离失所的传统坎比西诺、土豆和洋葱种植者、商业和青蒿素矿工以及小农户的社会和经济未来的关切之间取得平衡。与此同时，这些生计的丧失给当地和区域粮食安全和农村发展方案带来了风险。该项目汇集了一批来自环境和兽医科学、文化和历史地理学、人类学、经济学和设计的多学科学者，他们努力了解这些挑战的社会和生态性质。该项目的核心是我们坚信，为了促进决策并使决策合法化，Páramo土地的不同使用者之间的和平与和解不是保护工作的附加条件，而是有效保护Páramo土地的必要条件。

Land was at the heart of Colombia's long-running armed conflict and is now the pillar on which the success of the peace agreement rests. The war changed the country's social landscapes as much as its natural ones and efforts to address the ecological balance are doomed to fail unless they confront that legacy of conflict. Decades of conflict displaced millions of people from their land and traditional livelihoods, disrupting the social fabric as much as the ecological. The páramo regions in Boyacá illustrate these socio-ecological conflicts. For the last 50 years Boyacá has experienced substantial conflict over resources, manifested through land-grabs, dispossession and displacement of local communities. The situation has deteriorated in the last decade associated with the mining boom that has pushed traditional campesinos into páramo land, further complicated by the fracking concessions currently being awarded in the region. In the wake of the peace agreement Boyacá faces substantial environmental problems, particularly with regards to the páramos, which the local authorities will have to delimit for ecosystem preservation and biodiversity conservation. In doing so, they risk potential new conflicts between contested land usages. Their decision-making needs to balance conservation priorities with concerns for the social and economic future of the displaced traditional campesinos, potato and onion growers, commercial and artesanal miners and small farmers. At the same time, the loss of these livelihoods imposes risks to local and regional food security and rural development programmes. This project integrates a group of multi-disciplinary scholars from environmental and veterinary sciences, cultural and historical geography, anthropology, economics and design, working with an understanding of the social and ecological nature of these challenges. At the heart of the project is our conviction that peace and reconciliation between the different users of páramo land in order to facilitate and legitimise decision-making is not an add-on to conservation efforts but a sine qua non condition to the effective conservation of páramo land.