Coastal REsistance: Alerts and Monitoring Technologies (CreamT)

在下个世纪，海平面上升1米几乎是板上钉钉的事，据估计，20%的英格兰海岸防御工事可能会在海平面上升不到一半的情况下失败。雄心勃勃的气候缓解和适应计划可能会保护40万至50万人，但洪水和海岸侵蚀风险无法完全消除--我们不能建造无限高的海堤。在接下来的30年里，全球可能有1.5亿人受到海平面上升的影响。因此，需要更好的方法来衡量、预测、警告和应对沿海洪水。我们将使用Penzance和Dawlish演示一种新的监测系统，该系统能够向国家政府机构发布重要的实时灾害警报和洪水数据。我们将利用数字通信、数据网络和公民科学在先前的研究基础上，利用数字通信、数据网络和公民科学，与国家信托基金、英吉利海峡海岸天文台(CCO)、康沃尔委员会、Teignbridge区委员会、Capgenimi和国家信托基金建立联系。我们最近的项目(WireWall)创造了一种独特的溢流传感器，我们将开发成一种低成本的危险监测系统，用于长期部署，使用遥测来传输数据。另一个项目(SCEEP)创建了一个西南地区计算机模拟，每天更新以提前3天预测沿海灾害。CCO与英格兰各地的区域海岸监测方案(RCMP)一起在线托管这两个项目。该项目将通过一个新的网络可访问的、开放源码的数据分段网络服务，将我们新的危险数据纳入扫雷服务，从而将模型和新的监测联系起来，以验证当前的危险服务。新的网络服务将公布现有的海岸、河流和天气数据，而新系统将包括：1)新的海浪漫顶传感器，用于在海浪撞击海堤之前测量水位和海浪，以及当海浪溢出到海防后面的公共通道区域时的深度、体积和速度；2)摄像机，用于验证波浪条件并确认是否发生漫顶事件；3)激光测量风暴发生前和风暴后的海滩水位；4)国际公民科学计划CoastSnap，通过照片监测一段时间内的海滩情况。该系统将使用英国的验潮仪网络，在水位达到海堤时触发潜在危险条件的测量，并在检测到洪水时返回实时警报。该信息将允许对扫描计算机警报服务进行验证。与EA的洪水预报团队一起，我们将使用这些信息来完善他们的当地危险阈值，并了解海堤地点由于距离国家监测站很远(许多公里)而在当地条件下的不确定性。测量的、视觉和音频数据将用于交互式海岸漫步，并通过iOS和Android设备上可用的增强现实(AR)手机应用程序进行访问。AR步行将引导人们发布CoastSnap照片，鼓励人们参与加拿大皇家骑警海滩的监测。通过游客信息中心和推特宣传徒步旅行将提高社区对不断变化的沿海灾害和海岸线管理倡议的认识，如#Flowdware和#CoastSafe。由海洋学家、工程师、数据管理员、一名数字艺术家、一名诗人和一名软件开发人员组成的小组将在不同的学科中应用他们的专业知识，以显著提高现有沿海灾害预警服务的准确性和有效性。他们将通过一个方便使用的手机应用程序和参与公民科学监测来吸引公众。信息将在BODC存档，并根据NERC数据政策提供。此在线目录旨在通过Google DataSet搜索引擎轻松找到，并确保我们的数据是公平的(可查找、可访问、可解释和可重复使用)。关键词：灾害监测；海岸预报；洪水感知；灾害警告

A 1 m sea level rise is almost certain in the next century and it is estimated that 20% of England's coastal defences could fail under just half this rise. Ambitious climate mitigation and adaptation plans may protect 400,000 - 500,000 people, but flood and coastal erosion risks cannot be fully eliminated - we cannot build infinitely high sea walls. Worldwide 150 million people could be affected by sea level rise in the next 30 years. Better ways to measure, forecast, warn of and respond to coastal flooding are thus required. Using Penzance and Dawlish we will demonstrate a new monitoring system able to issue vital real-time hazard alerts and flood data to national government agencies.Working with the Environment Agency (EA), Met. Office, Channel Coastal Observatory (CCO), Cornwall Council, Teignbridge District Council, Capgenimi and National Trust, we will build on previous research using digital communication, data networking and citizen science. Our recent project (WireWall) created a unique overtopping sensor that we will develop into a low-cost hazard monitoring system for long-term deployments using telemetry to transfer data. Another project (SWEEP) created a south west regional computer simulation that updates daily to forecast coastal hazard 3 days in advance. The CCO hosts both projects online alongside the Regional Coastal Monitoring Programmes (RCMP) across England. This project will incorporate our new hazard data into the SWEEP service through a new web-accessible, open source data staging web service, thus linking models and new monitoring to validate current hazard services. The new web service will expose existing, coastal, river and weather data, while the new system will include: 1) a novel wave overtopping sensor to measure water levels and waves just before they impact a sea wall in addition to the depth, volume and speed of the water as it overtops onto public access areas behind the sea defence; 2) cameras to validate wave conditions and confirm the occurrence of overtopping events; 3) laser measurements of the pre- and post-storm beach levels during an event; and 4) an international citizen science programme, CoastSnap, that monitors beach conditions over time through photographs. The system will use the UK's tide gauge network to trigger the measurement of potentially hazardous conditions when water levels reach the sea walls and return real-time alerts when flooding is detected. This information will allow validation of the SWEEP computer alert service. With the EA's flood forecast team we will use this information to refine their local hazard thresholds and to understand the uncertainty in local conditions at the sea wall sites due to their large (many km's) distance from national monitoring stations.The measured, visual and audio data will be used in an interactive coastal walk, and made accessible through an Augmented Reality (AR) phone application, available for IOS and Android devices. The AR walk will guide people to CoastSnap photo posts, encouraging participation in the RCMP beach monitoring. Promotion of the walk through the Tourist Information Centres and Twitter will raise community awareness of changing coastal hazards and shoreline management initiatives such as #floodaware and #CoastSafe.The team of oceanographers, engineers, data managers, a digital artist, a poet and a software developer will apply their expertise in different disciplines to significantly improve the accuracy and effectiveness of existing coastal hazard warning services. They will engage the public through an easily accessible phone app and participation in citizen science monitoring. Information will be archived at BODC and made available under the NERC Data Policy. This online catalogue is designed to be easily found by the Google dataset search engine and ensures our data are FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interpretable and Re-usable).Keywords: Hazard monitoring; Coastal forecasting; Flood aware; Hazard warning