MOTOR LEARNING IN SMOOTH PURSUIT EYE MOVEMENTS

这项研究的长期目标是确定地点和 自主运动系统中运动学习的机制 这在很大程度上依赖于大脑皮层的输入 使用皮质-桥脑-小脑通路。平滑追踪眼 移动符合这些标准，因此提供了一个模型 用于揭示运动学习原理的系统，其可以 推广到学习躯体运动。低于正常 条件下，需要一个移动的目标来产生追逐和 目标运动的开始唤起和早期眼球加速 与目标速度相关的幅度。初步结果显示 证明了这个早期间隔中的眼球加速可以是 适用于在目标以一种速度开始时变大或变小 并且，在100ms之后，经历一次速度的递增或减速。 这种学习需要大约30分钟，并且是可逆的 在相同的时间内可重复使用。在这笔赠款中，一个目标将是 使用学习前后眼球运动的测量结果 确定学习是否也表现在对 在持续追击过程中对目标运动产生的短暂扰动。 第二个目标将记录学习的表达在 追踪个体浦肯野反应的小脑皮质 学习前、学习中和学习后的小叶中的细胞。这个 第三个目标将在纹外使用微刺激和记录 可视区域MT和MST。个别部位的微刺激 学习前和学习后将揭示学习站点是否 在MT和MST至小脑的通路中。录音 将跟踪单个细胞在之前、期间和 在学习之后，揭示学习是否可以发生在大脑中 大脑皮层。最终目标将发展出一种新的追逐模式 它基于真实的视觉输入，并且可以再现 在这里获得的数据。这些结果将为我们提供对 运动学习的正常过程，并可能提供信息 关于如何治疗和逆转运动障碍，特别是那些 通过重复使用相同的动作来学习。

The long-term goal of this research is to determine the sites and mechanisms of motor learning in a voluntary movement system that depends heavily on inputs from the cerebral cortex and that uses the cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathways. Smooth pursuit eye movements meet these criteria and therefore afford a model system for revealing principles of motor learning that may generalize to learning of somatic movements. Under normal conditions, a moving target is needed to generate pursuit and the onset of target motion evokes and early eye acceleration at an amplitude related to target speed. Preliminary results have demonstrated that the eye acceleration in this early interval can be adapted to be larger or smaller if the target starts at one speed and, after 100ms, undergoes a step increase of decrease in speed. This learning takes about 30 minutes and is reversible and repeatable over the same time course. In this grant, one aim will use measurements of eye movements before and after learning to determine whether learning is also expressed in the response to a brief perturbation of target motion given during sustained pursuit. A second aim will record the expression of learning in the cerebellar cortex by following the responses of individual Purkinje cells in the floccular lobe before, during, and after learning. The third aim will use microstimulation and recording in extrastriate visual areas MT and MST. Microstimulation at an individual site before and after learning will reveal whether sites of learning are in the pathways from MT and MST to the cerebellum. Recordings will follow the responses of individual cells before, during, and after learning, to reveal whether learning can occur in the cerebral cortex. The final aim will develop a new class of pursuit model that is based on realistic visual inputs and that can reproduce the data obtained here. The results will provide insights into the normal processes of motor learning and may provide information about how to treat and reverse motor disorders, especially those that are learned through repetitive use of the same movement.