EXERCISE AND GLUCOSE REGULATION IN OLDER WOMEN

在这项提案中，我们计划结合联合收割机社区，临床和实验室为基础的措施，以更清楚地了解特定的细胞，激素，人体测量和代谢适应的作用，保持功能在成功的老龄化。 为了实现这些目标，我们计划研究绝经后妇女与国家的最先进的临床，实验室，创新和实用的培训技术，具体到2型糖尿病的机制和前兆。 这项研究的总体目的是确定有氧运动对老年妇女葡萄糖处置改善的影响，并确定这种关系的关键因素。 根据这一提议，我们计划：1）建立几种激素和脂质相关机制以及胰岛素抵抗调节剂水平的横截面差异（例如，肌肉脂蛋白脂酶（LPL）mRNA和蛋白质含量，皮质醇对身体挑战的反应，胰岛素刺激的肝葡萄糖产生（HGP）的减弱抑制和游离脂肪酸的血浆浓度）在正常体重的老年女性中，但有和没有过多的内脏至皮下腹部肥胖; 2）确定9个月的高强度或中等强度有氧运动训练的效果（但相当于热量输出）对这些激素和脂质相关变量和随后的胰岛素刺激的全身葡萄糖处置的影响;以及3）确定训练的适应程度是否随训练强度和/或内脏脂肪库的大小而变化。 据我们所知，这还没有被证明在任何老年人口使用这些技术。 通过确定这些研究变量中与衰老相关的变化以及随之而来的血糖调节缺陷是否会因运动而改变，我们可以深入了解与老年功能受损相关的因素以及适应发生的程度。 此外，这些信息可用于为老年人设计安全有效的社区锻炼计划，重点是维持血糖调节和衰老的整体功能。

In this proposal we plan to combine community-, clinical-, and laboratory-based measures to understand more clearly the role of specific cellular, hormonal, anthropometric, and metabolic adaptations that maintain function in successful aging. To accomplish these goals, we plan to study postmenopausal women with state-of-the-art clinical, laboratory, and innovative and practical training techniques specific to mechanisms and precursors of type 2 diabetes. The overall purpose of the proposed study is to determine the impact of aerobic exercise on improvements in glucose disposal in older women and to identify key factors in this relationship. With this proposal we plan: 1) to establish cross-sectional differences in levels of several hormone- and lipid-related mechanisms and modulators of insulin resistance (e.g., muscle lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA and protein content, cortisol response to a physical challenge, attenuated suppression of insulin-stimulated hepatic glucose production (HGP) and plasma concentrations of free fatty acids) in older women of normal body weight, but with and without excess visceral-to subcutaneous abdominal adiposity; 2) to determine the effects of 9 months of aerobic exercise training of either higher- or moderate-intensity (but equivalent caloric output) on the mini-trampoline on these hormone- and lipid-related variables and consequent insulin-stimulated whole-body glucose disposal; and 3) to determine whether the degree of adaptation with training varies by training intensity and/or size of the visceral fat depot. To our knowledge, this has not been demonstrated in any older population using these techniques. By determining whether the aging-related changes in these study variables and consequent deficit in glucose regulation are altered by exercise, we can provide insight into the factors associated with compromised function in older age and the extent to which adaptation occurs. Moreover, this information can then be used to design safe and effective community-based exercise programs for older people that focus on the maintenance of glucose regulation and overall function in aging.