SPEECH UNDERSTANDING IN REALISTIC ENVIRONMENTS

许多老年人在理解复杂和复杂的语言时有困难 要求苛刻的环境，是日常收听的典型。使用Typical 老年人言语理解困难的实验室结果测量 听力受损的受试者主要是因为 由于阈值升高而导致的语音可听性。鉴于……的重要性 助听器提供的语音可听性、扩音性应恢复 重要的语音信息，并为 沟通。然而，只有一小部分老年人可以 从扩音中获益并使用自己的助听器 定期的。助听器缺乏成功和满足感 这表明，需要从根本上改变方向。海流 对沟通需求的理解基于以下结论 在非常不现实的条件下取得的表现。设计和实现了 为老年人安装交流辅助设备应以他们的 在复杂且要求苛刻的环境中实现收听性能 日常生活中固有的声音和知觉的变化。 因此，在项目2中，计划进行一系列实验，以解决关键 关于老年人使用语音信息的问题 在现实环境中交付和感知。AIM 2.1测试 高频耳间差值的可听性假设 线索强调了从语音的空间分离中获益的能力 和噪声源。Aim 2.2测试了回收率的假设 来自先前的刺激，特别是在更高的频率下，是 能够从语音类噪声中的包络波动中受益。目标 2.3检验了年龄相关的听觉选择性改变的假设 注意力增加了刺激不确定性的不利影响。一个 长期目标是扩大我们对以下机制的一般理解 老年人在噪音中语音理解能力下降的原因 从而增强从放大中获得的好处。

Many older adults have difficulty understanding speech in complex and demanding environments typical of everyday listening. Using typical laboratory outcome measures, speech-understanding difficulties of older hearing-impaired subjects are accounted for primarily by reductions in speech audibility due to elevated thresholds. Given the importance of speech audibility, amplification provided by a hearing aid should restore important speech information and provide significant benefit to communication. Nevertheless, only a fraction of older adults who could derive benefit from amplification own hearing aids and use them regularly. The lack of success and satisfaction with hearing aids suggests that a fundamental change in direction is needed. The current understanding of communication needs is based on conclusions drawn from performance obtained in highly unrealistic conditions. The design and fitting of communication aids for older adults should be guided by their listening performance in complex and demanding environments that contain the acoustic and perceptual variability inherent in everyday situations. Thus, in Project 2, a series of experiments is planned to address key questions concerning the use of speech information by older adults as delivered and perceived in realistic environments. Aim 2.1 tests the hypothesis that the audibility of high-frequency interaural difference cues underlies the ability to benefit from spatial separation of speech and noise sources. Aim 2.2 tests the hypothesis that rate of recovery from prior stimulation, especially at higher frequencies, underlies the ability to benefit from envelope fluctuations in speech-like noise. Aim 2.3 tests the hypothesis that age-related changes in auditory selective attention increase the detrimental effects of stimulus uncertainty. A long-term goal is to extend our general understanding of mechanisms that account for reduced speech understanding in noise by older adults and thus enhance benefit derived from amplification.