CROSS GENERATIONAL INFLUENCES ON DEV OF AGGRESSION

这项拟议的研究旨在阐述我们对 环境/背景和个人/个人因素结合在一起 影响攻击性和负性情绪传递的认知过程 反社会行为代代相传，也跨越一生。通过 收集856名受试者的儿童心理社会数据 以前在8岁(1960)、19岁(1971)和30岁(1982)学习过， 收集关于这些主题的新数据，我们将能够解决几个问题 理解人类攻击性发展的几个关键问题 行为及其代代相传。我们将能够 检查三个阶段攻击性行为的稳定性或变化 几代人，在少数情况下甚至四代人。此外，我们将成为 能够跨父-子分析器检查连续性，在父子分析器中 受试者从4岁到大约24岁不等。有特殊利益的遗嘱 是儿童在一代人中的攻击性程度 预示着下一阶段的童年攻击性，以及 攻击性或亲社会性发展的不同轨迹 一代人的行为会影响攻击性、亲社会、 或下一步的其他行为。在一代人的时间里，我们将能够 评估40年来攻击性行为的轨迹 从8岁的童年中期到48岁的中年。 这项研究将使我们能够更好地了解 攻击性和反社会性中潜在的连续性和变化过程 在生命周期内和世代之间的行为。我们希望能找到 随着时间的推移和几代人之间的侵略行为基本上是持续的。 然而，更重要的问题是，为什么会出现这种连续性，是什么 调解什么、什么缓和它，以及什么可以偏离轨道 养成攻击性行为。我们将研究在多大程度上 攻击性行为随时间和跨度的持续程度 世代作为环境/背景连续性的产物 因素(例如，父母养育子女的做法、社会经济环境、 电视观看环境)或个人/个性化因素 (例如，智力成就、社交能力、与攻击有关 认知)。我们将确定这些上下文变量和单个变量 这会使个人在以后的攻击性行为中面临或多或少的风险 行为和那些促进或抑制攻击性循环的行为 行为代代相传。最后，我们将评估 认知、信息处理因素在社会- 学习过程中，老师认为孩子们终生积极的习惯和 促进代际传播。

The proposed research is aimed at elaborating our understanding of how environmental/contextual and individual/ personal factors combined with cognitive processes to influence the transmission of aggressive and antisocial behavior across generations as well as over the life span. By collecting psychosocial data on the children of 856 subjects whom we have studied previously at ages 8 (1960), 19 (1971), and 30 (1982), and by collecting new data on the subjects, we will be able to address several critical issues for understanding the development of human aggressive behavior and its transmission across generations. We will be able to examine the stability or change in aggressive behavior across three generations or in few cases even four generations. Moreover, we will be able to examine continuity across parent-child pars in which the child subjects vary from 4 years old to about 24 years. Of special interest will be the degree to which childhood aggression in one generation is predictive of childhood aggression in the next, and the degree to which different trajectories in the development of aggressive or prosocial behavior in one generation affect the occurrence of aggressive, prosocial, or other behaviors in the next. Within one generation we will be able to evaluate the trajectory of aggressive behavior over a 40-year span from middle childhood at age 8 to middle-age at age 48. This study will enable us to derive a better understanding of the processes underlying continuity and change in aggressive and antisocial behavior within the life-span and across generations. We expect to find substantial continuity of aggression over time and across generations. However, the more important questions are why such continuity occurs, what mediates what, what moderates it, and what can deflect a trajectory of developing aggressive behavior. We will examine the extent to which the degree of continuity of aggressive behavior over time and across generations as a product of the continuity of environmental/contextual factors (e.g., parent childrearing practices, socioeconomic context, television viewing environment) or of personal/individualized factors (e.g., intellectual achievement, social competence, aggression-related cognitions). We will identify those contextual and individual variables that place individuals at greater or lesser risk for later aggressive behavior and those that promote or inhibit the cycle of aggressive behavior across generations. Finally, we will evaluate the role of cognitive, information-processing factors as mediators in a social- learning process that teachers children life-long aggressive habits and promotes transmission across generations.