TWO-PROCESS RECOGNITION MEMORY: INHIBITION & ROC CURVES

先前的研究表明，识别判断至少涉及两个过程：快速的基于相似性的过程和较慢的类似回忆的过程。然而，很少有研究探讨召回过程的具体操作。许多研究人员提出，回忆过程是以从回忆到拒绝的方式进行的。在召回到拒绝的过程中，拒绝与所研究的刺激相似的测试箔(即，称为“新的”)，因为所研究的刺激被召回并且注意到与相似箔的不匹配。对于各种联想识别任务，例如识别两个单词是否被一起学习，或者测试单词是否在特定刺激列表中被学习，有证据表明使用了这种回忆-拒绝过程。然而，物品识别任务没有发现对使用召回到拒绝处理的支持。相反，来自物品识别任务的数据与召回-接受过程是一致的，在该过程中，必须检索与测试探头匹配的记忆痕迹，以便生成肯定的(“旧的”)响应。这项研究将为项目和联想识别中基于回忆的过程的运作提供更直接的证据。新的研究将：1)使用接受者-操作特征(ROC)曲线来寻找关于回忆过程性质的收敛和唯一的证据，2)使用联合识别理论来估计潜在加工的贡献，3)证明回忆过程的结果，即，被研究的项目被抑制，这与被研究的测试项目相似。两个前导性研究为识别任务中的这种抑制现象提供了证据，所提出的抑制实验将a)评估抑制随加工时间的发展；b)确定抑制的程度作为被研究项目的相似性和数量的函数；c)探索抑制的存在或不存在与回忆过程的具体操作(即回忆-拒绝或召回-接受)之间的关系。

Prior research suggests that at least two processes are involved in recognition judgments: A fast similarity-based process and a slower recall-like process. However, very little research has explored the specific operation of the recall process. Many researchers have proposed that the recall process operates in a recall-to-reject fashion. In a recall-to-reject process, a test foil that is similar to a studied stimulus is rejected (i.e., called "new") because the studied stimulus is recalled and the mismatch with the similar foil is noticed. For a variety of associative recognition tasks, such as recognizing whether two words were studied together or whether a test word was studied on a particular stimulus list, there is evidence for the use of such a recall-to-reject process. However, item recognition tasks have found no support for the use of recall-to-reject processing. Instead, the data from item recognition tasks are consistent with a recall-to-accept process in which a memory trace that matches the test probe must be retrieved in order for a positive ("old") response to be generated. The proposed research will provide more direct evidence on the operation of the recall-based process in item and associative recognition. New research will: 1) seek converging and unique evidence on the nature of the recall process using receiver- operating characteristic (ROC) curves, 2) estimate the contribution of the underlying processing using conjoint recognition theory, and 3) demonstrate a consequence of the recall process, namely, the inhibition of studied items that are similar to a studied test item. Two pilot studies provide evidence for this inhibitory phenomenon in a recognition task, and the proposed inhibition experiments will a) evaluate the development of that inhibition over processing time; b) determine the extent of the inhibition as a function of the similarity and number of studied items; and c) explore the relationship between the presence or absence of inhibition and the specific operation of the recall process (i.e., recall-to-reject or recall-to- accept).