Social and environmental impacts of private protected areas in Latin America

保护区是保护生物多样性、生态系统及其提供的服务的基本工具。保护区主要是由政府机构建立的，但近年来，私人行为者（非政府组织、企业、个人慈善家）为保护目的占用了大量土地。它们的保护结果和对生活在这些“私人保护区”（PPAs）内或周围的人们的影响，仍然知之甚少，研究不足。至关重要的是，与其他形式的保护区相比，它们是否保护了不同种类的地方，以及与其他形式的保护区相比，它们在保护目标和当地社区方面是否有不同的结果，这些方面的知识很少。详细的研究将增加我们对ppa保护范围和贡献的认识。这个博士项目有两个相互交织的目标：1。评估全球范围内保护区的地理范围，并评估它们保护了多少面积。评估私人保护区相对于其他治理形式下的保护区和非保护区的影响，至少使用两个拉丁美洲国家作为案例研究

Protected areas are a fundamental tool for the protection of biodiversity, ecosystems and the services they provide. Protected areas have predominantly been established by governmental agencies, but in recent years private actors (NGOs, business, individual philanthropists) have appropriated significant tracts of lands for conservation purposes. Their conservation outcomes and implications for people living in or around these "private protected areas" (PPAs), remain poorly understood and greatly understudied. Critically, there is little knowledge of whether they protect different kinds of places to other protected areas, and whether they have different outcomes for conservation objectives and local communities compared to protected areas under other forms of governance. A detailed study will increase our understanding of the extent and contribution to conservation of PPAs. This PhD project has two interwoven objectives:1.Evaluate the geographical extent of PPAs globally and assess how much area they conserve.2.Evaluate the impact of private protected areas relative to protected areas under other forms of governance and to non-protected areas using at least two Latin American countries as case studies