Addressing the invisibility of Romani women in intersectional feminism and nationalism studies

我的研究使用女权主义交叉性来丰富民族主义和种族主义的研究，同时建立对罗姆族妇女健康和社会正义威胁的循证理解。罗姆妇女在交叉的女权主义话语中一直被忽视--这表明，女权主义研究和民族主义研究都未能分析和理解影响和影响罗姆妇女生活的问题。我通过批判性地评估中东欧(CEE)现有的民族主义性别等级制度及其对吉普赛妇女的影响来探讨这一话题。我的研究问题如下：-现有的民族主义性别等级制度及其在中东欧的相关话语如何具体影响吉普赛妇女(与非吉普赛妇女、非吉普赛男子和吉普赛男子形成对比)？-交叉方法如何帮助阐明上述因素对吉普赛妇女生活的影响，更重要的是，对她们的自我认知--不是作为吉普赛人，或作为妇女，而是作为吉普赛妇女？--通过交叉性女权主义视角审视吉普赛妇女在中东欧地区的地位，关于她们争取社会正义的可能性，以及交叉性女权主义本身，有什么影响？鉴于这项研究符合政治社会学的范畴，我正在使用定性的方法将性别框架引入到对罗姆妇女生活的研究中。虽然这项工作有坚实的理论基础，但我也通过采访吉普赛活动家和吉普赛妇女来收集定性数据。活动家们提供了关于围绕这个话题的知识生产、政策和公众参与的问题的见解。采访罗姆妇女是必要的，因为它有助于了解现有研究中没有审查的问题，特别是与家庭背景、获得护理的机会、流动机会、战略部署以及国家身份和公民身份的限制有关的问题。我将与英国的罗姆慈善机构合作，比如罗姆支持组织。由于这项工作涉及与来自中东欧社区的罗姆人进行一对一的工作，它为罗姆妇女提供了采访她们的经历的机会，而且鉴于这一专题的敏感性，还允许在实地进行必要的深度接触。我还在联系在其他地方的罗姆尼慈善机构工作的支助工作者和活动家，如布达佩斯的欧洲罗姆人权利中心、布拉迪斯拉发的罗姆人研究所和华沙的欧安组织民主制度和人权办公室。在接受采访的罗姆妇女方面，我把重点放在波兰语罗姆人身上，因为我以波兰语为母语，因此这降低了语言障碍的可能性。收集的数据将使用内容分析和话语分析进行分析。其他用于分析的数据来源包括报纸等媒体来源、区域、国家和欧洲各级的立法，以及人权观察等非政府组织的报告。对中东欧现有的民族主义性别等级制度及其对罗姆族妇女的影响的评估提出了一种新的交叉方法，这将有助于若干学术领域，包括民族主义研究、性别研究和人权研究。此外，它将对吉普赛积极分子和政策制定者有用，因为它将清楚地说明吉普赛妇女可以得到支持的领域，并帮助制定与吉普赛妇女接触的富有成效的方式。这项研究可以用来推动一种方法，即解决罗姆人人口中的医疗保健机会、生殖权利、种族歧视和贫困的政策考虑到罗姆人妇女的具体情况，而不是利用性别盲目的方法，在这种方法中，罗姆族妇女可能被排除在社会正义主张之外。

My research uses feminist intersectionality to enrich studies of nationalism and racism whilst building evidence-based understandings of threats to health and social justice for Romani women. Romani women have been invisible in intersectional feminist discourse - this indicates a failure in both feminism studies and nationalism studies to analyse and understand issues impacting upon and affecting the lives of Romani women. I explore this topic by critically assessing existing nationalist gendered hierarchies in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the ways in which they affect Romani women. My research questions are as follows:-How do existing nationalist gender hierarchies and their related discourses in CEE specifically affect Romani women (in contrast to non-Romani women, non-Romani men, and Romani men)?-How does an intersectional approach help illuminate the consequences of the above on Romani women's lives and, importantly, on their self-perception - not as Romani, or as women, but as Romani women?-What are the implications in examining the position of Romani women in CEE through an intersectional feminist lens with regards to possibilities towards their claiming social justice, and to intersectional feminism itself?Given that the study fits into the realm of political sociology, I am using qualitative methods to introduce a gendered frame into the study of Romani women's lives. Whilst the work is grounded firmly in theory, I am also gathering qualitative data through interviews with Romani activists as well as Romani women. Activists provide insight into the problems regarding knowledge production, policy and public engagement surrounding the topic. Interviewing Romani women is necessary as it aids in understanding issues not examined in existing research, pertaining especially to family context, access to care, opportunities regarding mobility, and strategic deployment as well as constraints of national identity and citizenship. I will be working with Roma charities in the UK, such as the Roma Support Group. As this work involves one-on-one work with Romani people originating from CEE communities, it provides access to Romani women to interview about their experiences, and also allows for the deep engagement necessary within the field given the sensitivity of the topic. I am also contacting support workers and activists working in Romani charities elsewhere, such as the European Roma Rights Centre in Budapest, the Roma Institute in Bratislava, and the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights in Warsaw. In terms of Romani women interviewed, I am focusing on Polish Roma, as I am a native Polish speaker and therefore this lowers the possibility of language barriers. Data gathered will be analysed using content analysis, and discourse analysis. Other sources of data for analysis include media sources such as newspapers, legislation at regional, national and European-wide levels, and reports from NGOs such as Human Rights Watch. This assessment of existing nationalist gendered hierarchies in CEE and the ways in which they affect Romani women presents a new intersectional approach which will contribute to a number of academic fields, including nationalism studies, gender studies and human rights studies. Furthermore, it will be useful to Romani activists and policy makers, as it will clearly present areas in which Romani women can be supported as well as helping to develop a productive way to engage with Romani women. This research can be used to move towards an approach where policies addressing healthcare access, reproductive rights, ethnic discrimination and poverty in Romani populations take into account the specific situation of Romani women, rather than utilising a gender-blind approach where Romani women potentially become excluded from social justice claims.