Family socialisation processes in the development of political attitudes over the life course

维护和发展具有共同价值观和信仰的共同政治文化对维护民主社会十分重要。以前的研究已经注意到，家庭在个人一生中政治态度的发展中具有实质性的重要性。在过去二十年里，从父母到孩子的政治社会化过程以及机构和不断变化的家庭结构之间的关系一直是一个日益增长的研究兴趣，但Sapiro(2007)指出，鉴于一些在独裁统治后向民主过渡的国家发生了戏剧性的变化，有理由重新对政治价值观和态度的传播产生兴趣。不仅是在巩固民主方面，在我们目睹威权价值观的上升和民主的解固时，理解这些态度是如何出现的很重要。研究问题采用Urbatsch(2014)的研究，我们可以确定社会化可能通过四种核心理论机制发挥作用：直接影响；社会网络效应；自我利益；以及个人体验(第71页)。当然，这些机制是概括性的，但它们提供了一个基础，以讨论与生命过程和社会化过程有关的政治态度的发展。本研究的目的是通过采用生命过程的方法进一步检验这些机制，在宏观层面上考虑年龄、队列和时期效应，在个人层面上考虑生命周期事件和老龄化。特别是，这项研究将把家庭作为生活过程中的一个阶段和社会化的推动者，并解决政治社会化、配偶影响和父母关系的假设。方法我将利用纵向数据，如英国家庭小组调查、理解社会和英国选举研究小组数据，来研究生活过程中与家庭有关的政治态度的发展。BHPS被用于一项里程碑式的比较社会化研究，重点是家庭社会化过程如何限制党派选择(Zuckerman，Dasovic和Fitzgerald，2007)。此外，我打算通过检查重复的横断面数据来加强我的分析，例如欧洲社会调查，它也允许进行跨国分析。在先进的统计技术方面，我希望使用能够检查个体在生命过程中水平变化的模型，特别是变化的多水平模型和序列分析。我的期望是，通过利用研究和培训资助--例如在不同机构的海外工作时间，我将能够进一步发展我的统计实践，为家庭影响政治态度的机制提供独特的见解。目前对海外机构访问的考虑是去莱布尼茨社会科学研究所(Gesis)，那里拥有欧洲(英国以外)最大的纵向数据存储库，但也有优秀的计算社会科学系，以进一步发展我的高级统计技能。

Maintaining and developing a shared political culture with shared values and beliefs is important to the maintenance of a democratic society. Previous research has noted the substantive importance of the family in the development of individual political attitudes over the life course. Processes of political socialisation from parents to child, and the relationship between institutions and changing family structures have been a growing research interest in the past twenty years, but Sapiro (2007) has indicated there is reason for renewed interest in the transmission of political values and attitudes given the dramatic change to some countries who are transitioning to democracies in the wake of dictatorships. And not only in terms of consolidating democracies, but as we witness the rise in authoritarian values and the deconsolidation of democracies, it is important to understand how these attitudes emerge.The research problemAdopting research by Urbatsch (2014) we can ascertain that there are four central theoretical mechanisms through which socialisation may work: direct influence; social network effects; self-interest; and personal experience (p. 71). Naturally, these mechanisms act as generalisations, however, they provide a foundation in which to discuss the development of political attitudes in relation to the life course and socialisation processes.It is the aim of this research to examine these mechanisms further by adopting a life course approach, accounting for age, cohort and period effects at the macro level and life cycle events and aging at the individual level. In particular, the research will focus on the family as a stage in the life course and an agent of socialisation and addressthe assumptions of political socialisation, spousal influence, and parenthood.MethodsI will utilise longitudinal data such as the British Household Panel Survey, Understanding Society, and British Election Study panel data in examining the development of political attitudes over the life course in relation to the family. The BHPS was used in one of the landmark comparative socialisation studies focused on how the process of family socialisation limits partisan choices (Zuckerman, Dasovic and Fitzgerald 2007). Moreover, I intend to strengthen my analysis by examining repeated cross-sectional data such as the European Social Survey, which also allows for cross-country analysis.In terms of advanced statistical techniques, I hope to use models that allow the examination of individual level change over the life course, specifically multi-level models of change and sequence analysis. It is my expectation that through utilizing research and training support grants - such as spending times overseas at different institution, I will be able to develop my statistical practices further, providing a unique insight into the mechanisms of family influence on political attitudes. Current considerations for an overseas institutional visit would be a trip to the Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences (GESIS) which have the largest repository of longitudinal data in Europe (outside of the UK), but also excellent computational social science departments to develop my advanced statistical skills further.