DEVELOPMENTAL TWIN STUDY: ATTENTION, AGGRESSION, AFFECT

这项拟议的双胞胎研究的主要目标是使用来自 多个线人，通过多个评估在多个时间点获得 用于未来基因图谱研究的可遗传表型鉴定技术 注意缺陷多动障碍及相关行为。为了实现这一目标，调查员将 分析标准化父母关于注意问题、攻击性问题的报告 儿童行为与焦虑/抑郁行为综合征 行为检查表(CBCL)已被证明是ADHD的高度预测性 以及它最常见的并存情况。已收集了3,084份CBCL 荷兰双胞胎登记处在他们3岁和7岁时推出了一对双胞胎。 在这些数据中，他将添加家长(CBCL和家长评级量表-CPRS)和 教师报告(教师报告表-TRF和Conners的教师评级 10岁和12岁)。他还将添加母亲DSM-IV访谈数据 对250对ADHD高危双胞胎和250对非ADHD双胞胎进行研究。这 设计有以下优点：1)它结合了双胞胎研究的特点 2)将教师报告数据添加到 以前只有父母报告数据的研究；3)它添加了Conners的数据 以前只有CBCL数据的研究；4)它通过以下方式收集DSM-IV数据 对被描述得很好的双胞胎中选定的样本进行了采访 CBCL数据在3岁、7岁、10岁和12岁，与TRF/Conners的数据在10岁和 12.有了这些数据，调查员将实现以下目标：1)测试 结合母亲、父亲和教师评分的告密者差异效应；2) 结合CBCL、Conners和DSM访谈数据测量仪器方差 评估ADHD症状和相关行为的遗传相关性 评估方法；3)衡量#年发展的连续性和变化 遗传和环境因素对ADHD及相关症状的影响 行为；4)检验遗传和环境中的性别差异 对ADHD症状和相关行为的贡献；以及5)使用基因 用于估计遗传和环境影响的潜在结构模型 注意缺陷多动障碍症状与相关行为的共病。的潜在优势 本研究包括遗传歧视的鉴定。 ADHD及相关疾病研究的表型。通过识别这些 表型，这项研究将有助于指导未来的分子遗传学研究 注意缺陷多动障碍及相关行为。该项目的一个长期目标是继续 研究这些主题，以扩大对遗传因素的研究 从童年到青春期，再到成年。

The main objective of this proposed twin study is to use data from multiple informants, obtained at multiple time points with multiple assessment techniques to identify heritable phenotypes for future gene-mapping studies of ADHD and related behaviors. To accomplish this objective, the investigator will analyze standardized parental reports of Attention Problems, Aggressive Behavior, and Anxious/Depressed behavior syndromes, as measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) which have been shown to be highly predictive of ADHD and its most common comorbid conditions. CBCLs have been collected on 3,084 twin pairs by the Netherlands Twin Registry when they were 3 and 7 years old. To these data, he will add parent (CBCL and Parent Rating Scale- CPRS) and teacher reports (Teacher's Report Form- TRF, and Conners' Teacher Rating Scale-CTRS) at ages 10 and 12. He will also add maternal DSM-IV interview data on a sub-sample of 250 at high risk for ADHD and 250 non-ADHD twin pairs. This design has the following strengths: 1) It combines features of a twin study with those of a longitudinal design; 2) It adds teachers' report data to a study that previously had only parental report data; 3) It adds Conners' data to a study that previously only had CBCL data; 4) It collects DSM-IV data via interviews on a selected sample of the twins who have been well described with CBCL data at ages 3, 7, 10, and 12 and with TRF/Conners' data at ages 10 and 12. With these data, the investigator will achieve the following aims: 1) Test informant variance effects by combining mother, father, and teacher ratings; 2) Measure instrument variance by combining CBCL, Conners' and DSM Interview data to assess genetic correlation for symptoms of ADHD and related behaviors across assessment approaches; 3) Measure developmental continuity and change in genetic and environmental contributions to symptoms of ADHD and related behaviors; 4) Test gender differences in the genetic and environmental contributions to symptoms of ADHD and related behaviors; and 5) Use genetic latent structure models to estimate genetic and environmental influences on comorbidity of symptoms of ADHD and related behaviors. Potential benefits of this research include the identification of genetically discriminating phenotypes for the study of ADHD and related disorders. By identifying these phenotypes, this research will help guide future molecular genetic studies of ADHD and related behaviors. A long-term goal of this project is to continue to study these subjects in order to extend the study of genetic factors from childhood, across adolescence, and into adulthood.