Place-making, Policy, and Geographic Information: How People Respond to Urban and Rural Challenges in an Information Age

背景：人们、社区和政策制定者如何为地方创造更好的未来是一个复杂的问题，可以通过更好的地理信息来了解，以创造更宜居的地方。合理：最近的智能城市倡议(InnovateUK；Horizon 2020)强调城市环境中的技术解决方案，可能忽视城乡差异和互动、区域人员流动、就业、服务可获得性等。人们同时认识到，公民参与/利益相关者协作至关重要(EUSmartCities Prsients and Enablers for Citizen Engagement，2015)，这反映在人们对地点建设重新产生的兴趣上。这种方法起源于简·雅各布斯，它动员了社区合作。可持续和包容性的规划需要考虑个人和社区如何评价地方，以及地理信息如何做出贡献。目的：该项目旨在发展知识和技能，让公民参与开发更宜居的地方，认识到与地方有关的信息在综合决策中的性质和价值。研究问题：城乡关系中的重大趋势、驱动因素和挑战是什么，对地方特征有什么影响？如何通过公民的地方感有效地让公民参与应对当地的挑战？地理信息如何更好地与利益相关者之间的互动过程相结合，分享信息并代表地方，为影响地方范围的政策发展和决策提供信息：该项目涉及对比鲜明的威尔士城市地区及其农村腹地之间的相互关系。加的夫、斯旺西和阿伯里斯特威斯有不同的背景和结构，城市中心、郊区外围和农村周围之间的关系也不同。该项目将研究这种关系，它们如何影响人们相关的地方，以及地方如何影响人们对当地服务和政策的期望。方法：创新的方法将结合人种学工作来了解社区背景；地理信息系统和空间句法方法来了解城市、郊区和农村地点之间的连通性；以及访谈/焦点小组来验证和探索从初始范围得出的假设。政策制定者的参与将提供影响政策制定和公众参与并观察结果的机会。设计：沉浸在关于地点制定、政策制定和混合方法方法(包括公众参与地理信息系统)的文献中，将完善研究设计的实质性和比较方面(在所涉及的主题问题和所包括的地理区域之间进行权衡)。最初的工作将采用人种学/焦点小组方法，以了解人们生活在城市和农村的结构。政策制定者将被招募，以了解他们对地方在政策制定中的作用的看法。第三条线索将汇集数字地理信息，将初步结果与特定地区的自然和历史结构联系起来。

Context: How people, communities, and policy-makers might create better futures for places is a complex question that can be informed by better geographic information to create more liveable places.Rationale: Recent smart-city initiatives (InnovateUK; Horizon2020) emphasize technological solutions in urban environments, potentially neglecting urban-rural differences and interactions, regional flows of people, employment, service accessibility, etc. There is simultaneous recognition that citizen engagement/stakeholders collaboration is vital (EUSmartCities Principles and Enablers for Citizen Engagement, 2015), as reflected in renewed interest in place-making. This approach, originating with Jane Jacobs, mobilizes community collaboration. Sustainable and inclusive planning creates a need to consider how individuals and communities value places and how geographic information can contribute.Aims: The project aims to develop knowledge and skills to involve citizens in developing more liveable places, realizing the nature and value of place-related information in integrated decision-making.Research Questions:What are the significant trends, drivers and challenges in urban-rural relationships, with what implications for place characteristics?How to effectively engage citizens in addressing local challenges through their sense of place?How can geographic information better integrate with processes of engagement between stakeholders, sharing information and representing place to inform policy-development and decisions affecting place?Scope: The project concerns the interrelationships between contrasting Welsh urban areas and their rural hinterlands. Cardiff, Swansea and Aberystwyth have different contexts and structures, with different relationships between urban centres, suburban peripheries, and rural surrounds. The project will examine such relationships, how they affect the places people relate to, and how places affect peoples expectations of local services and policies.Methods: An innovative methodology will combine ethnographic work to understand community contexts; GIS and space-syntax methods to understand connectivity between urban, suburban, and rural locations; and interviews/focus groups to verify and probe hypotheses derived from initial scoping. Engaging policy makers will provide opportunities to influence policy-making and public engagement and observe the results.Design: Immersion in literature on place-making, policy-making, and mixed-methods approaches (including Public Participation GIS) will refine the substantive and comparative aspects of the research design (effecting a trade-off between the thematic issues addressed and geographical areas included). Initial work will deploy ethnographic/focus-group methods to understand the urban and rural fabric in which people live. Policy-makers will be recruited to understand their views on the role of place in policy-making. A third strand will assemble digital geographic information to relate initial results to the physical and historical fabric of particular places.