UNDERSTANDING CHILDHOOD CONDUCT PROBLEMS AND DEPRESSION

此RSA应用程序的目的是扩展应试者了解两种类型的儿童障碍的发展、预防和治疗的能力：品行问题和抑郁。候选人提出了两项研究计划和一项职业发展计划。第一个项目(NIMHR01-50907)的目标是确定从婴儿期到儿童期中期导致反社会行为的发育途径。第一个假设是，以婴儿需求和母亲无反应为特征的第一年的亲子互动导致了学龄前儿童互动的强制循环，这反过来又蔓延到孩子与兄弟姐妹、同龄人和学龄前教师的关系。进一步的假设是，如果幼儿已经形成了行为问题的模式，被照顾者拒绝，并表现出与成年人和兄弟姐妹强制互动的模式，那么从6岁到12岁更有可能表现出持续的行为问题模式。这一模型将以来自低收入家庭的310名不同种族的男孩为样本进行测试，这些男孩从婴儿期一直跟踪到学龄期。第二个项目(NIMHPO1-56193)的目标是调查患有儿童期抑郁症的母亲的后代中情绪调节性死亡的选定属性和机制，这些因素可能导致儿童患抑郁症的风险。COD组的后代将与另外两个组进行比较：(1)患有儿童期焦虑症(AD)的先证者的后代，(2)没有儿童期焦虑症(NCOD)的先证者的后代。根据假设，与AD和NCOD家庭相比，COD家庭在(1)孩子的调节策略，(2)母亲的属性，和(3)母亲的养育方面会有更大的损害。将采用加速纵向设计，以便在项目的五年期间对1至9岁儿童的群体差异进行横断面和纵向评估。参与者将包括132名COD、AD和NCOD先证者的后代。RSA的目的是允许应试者进行这两个研究项目，增强他培养学生的能力，并通过拓宽他对研究设计和方法、心理生理学、文化背景和干预研究的知识来促进他的专业发展。

The aim of this RSA application is to expand the candidate's ability to understand the development, prevention, and treatment of two types of childhood disorders: conduct problems and depression. The candidate proposes two programs of research and a plan for professional development. The goal of the first program (NIMH R01-50907) is to identify developmental pathways leading to antisocial behavior from infancy to middle childhood. The first hypothesis is that parent-infant interaction in the first year, characterized by infant demandingness and maternal unresponsiveness, leads to coercive cycles of interaction at preschool-age, which in turn spread to relationships the child has with siblings, peers, and teachers at school-age. It is further hypothesized that the young child who as established a pattern of conduct problems, has been rejected by caregivers, and has shown coercive patterns of interaction with adults and siblings will more likely demonstrate a persistent pattern of conduct problems from ages 6-12. This model will be tested with a sample of 310, ethnically diverse boys from low-income families followed from infancy through school-age. The goal of the second program (NIMH PO1-56193) is to investigate selected attributes and mechanisms of emotion-regulatory kills in the offspring of mothers with childhood-onset depression (COD) that may contribute to the children's own risk for depressive disorders. The offspring in the COD group will be compared with two others: (1) the offspring of probands with childhood-onset anxiety disorder (AD), and (2) the offspring of probands with no childhood-onset disorder (NCOD). It is hypothesized that in COD families, there will be greater impairment in (1) the child's regulatory strategies, (2) maternal attributes, and (3) maternal parenting, in comparison to AD and NCOD families. An accelerated longitudinal design will be utilized so that group differences can be evaluated cross-sectionally and longitudinally from ages 1 to 9 during the five-year span of the project. Participants will include 132 offspring of COD, AD, and NCOD probands. The purpose of the RSA is to permit the candidate to conduct these two programs of research, to enhance his ability to train students, and to increase his professional development by broadening his knowledge of research design and methods, psychophysiology, cultural context, and intervention research.