Comparing effects of tree species richness and composition on forest structure and ecosystem functions in Boreal Forests

森林提供许多生态系统服务，但森林管理往往导致树种和遗传多样性减少，从而对生态系统的功能和服务产生不利影响。与其他森林类型相比，北方森林的树种相对贫乏，预计失去单一树种的影响将显著降低生态系统功能和结构多样性。需要更好地了解树种和遗传多样性减少对生态系统功能的影响及其基本机制，以确定对北方森林生态系统服务和结构的影响。该项目将研究树种和遗传多样性对树冠结构多样性和若干生态系统服务的影响：地上生物量储存、食用水果生产和林下植物物种多样性。这项研究将在芬兰进行长期的森林多样性实验，在20年内建立不同树种多样性和树木遗传多样性的试验区。使用基于现场的措施，地面激光扫描仪和无人驾驶飞行器，将测量冠层结构，以探索它是如何受到树种和遗传多样性变化的影响，并确定其对林下植物多样性，地上生物量和食用浆果生产的影响。

Forests provide many ecosystem services, but forest management often results in a reduction in tree species and genetic diversity which can negatively affect ecosystem functioning and services. Boreal forest are relatively tree species poor, compared to other forest types, and the impact of losing a single tree species is expected to significantly reduce ecosystem functions and structural diversity. A better understanding of the effects of reduced tree species and genetic diversity on ecosystem functions and the underlying mechanisms is needed in order to determine impacts on ecosystem services and structure in boreal forests. This project will examine the impact of tree species and genetic diversity on canopy structural diversity and several ecosystem services: above-ground biomass storage, edible fruit production and understory plant species diversity. The study will use long-term forest diversity experiments in Finland, with plots of varying tree species diversity and tree genetic diversity established over 20 years. Using field-based measures, terrestrial laser scanners, and unmanned aerial vehicles, canopy structure will be measured to explore how it is affected by changes in tree species and genetic diversity and to determine its impact on understorey plant diversity, above-ground biomass, and edible berry production.