Sensory Impairment, Functional Status and Mortality

描述：（由申请人提供）听力和视力障碍是老年人最常见的障碍形式之一。尽管这些损害作为一个公共卫生问题的重要性，但对多重感觉障碍的流行病学及其对功能状态的影响，包括死亡风险的研究相对较少。目前拟议的研究将检查听力障碍和双重感觉障碍的患病率和功能健康相关性，包括死亡风险。 国家健康访问调查（National Health Interview Survey，NHIS）是美国国家卫生统计中心（National Center for Health Statistics，NCHS）每年对美国平民进行的一项家庭调查。从1986年到1994年，总共收集了近117，000名美国成年人的人口统计学，健康，视力和听力障碍。最近，NCHS对所有参加1986- 1994年NHIS调查的个人进行了死亡率随访。使用这个具有独特代表性的大型数据库，研究者将：1）估计报告的听力障碍和双重感觉障碍的患病率和严重程度（视力障碍和听力障碍），2）评估有和没有听力障碍和双重感觉障碍的美国成年人报告的健康和残疾状况，3）估计和比较具有和不具有听力损伤和双重感觉损伤的成年人的总体和原因特异性死亡率，以及4）开发、测试和比较诸如本申请的图1中所描绘的理论模型，其中风险因素、单一和双重感觉损伤之间的相互关系，评估功能状态和死亡率。 这项拟议的研究将解决NIA计划公告#PA-99-123中概述的几个研究目标，老化的感觉：多个感觉系统之间的关系，其中包括支持：1）流行病学研究，其中在给定人群中研究一种以上的感觉方式，以测量下降的流行率和程度，并阐明方式之间的相互作用，以及2）研究多种感觉缺陷对老年人的功能状态和生活质量的影响。

DESCRIPTION: (provided by applicant) Hearing and visual impairments are among the most common forms of impairment in older adults. Despite the importance of these impairments as a public health problem there has been relatively little research on the epidemiology of multiple sensory impairment and its influence on functional status, including risk of mortality. The current proposed study would examine the prevalence and functional health correlates of hearing impairment and dual sensory impairment including risk of mortality. The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a household survey of the US civilian population conducted annually by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). In total from 1986-94, demographic, health, visual and hearing impairment have been collected on nearly 117,000 US adults. Recently, NCHS conducted a mortality follow-up for all individuals participating in the 1986-94 NHIS surveys. Using this uniquely representative and large database the Investigators will: 1) estimate the prevalence and severity of reported hearing impairment and dual sensory impairment (visual impairment and hearing impairment) in US adults by age, gender and race/ethnicity, 2) evaluate the reported health and disability status of US adults with and without hearing impairment and dual sensory impairment, 3) estimate and compare the overall and cause-specific mortality rates for adults with and without hearing impairment and dual sensory impairment, and 4) develop, test and compare theoretical models such as the one depicted in Figure 1 of this application, in which the interrelationships between risk factors, single and dual sensory impairment, functional status and mortality are assessed. This proposed study will address several research objectives outlined in the NIA Program Announcement #PA-99-123, The Aging Senses: Relationships Among Multiple Sensory Systems, which include the support of: 1) epidemiological studies in which more than one sensory modality is studied in a given population in order to measure the prevalence and extent of decline as well as to elucidate interactions among modalities, and 2) studies of the effects of multiple sensory deficits on functional status and quality of life in elderly humans.