Investigating the relationship between socio-economic status and hazardous drinking: Effects of stress, impulsivity, gender and ethnicity.

在英国，酒精是一个很大的公共卫生问题，大约20%的人口经常饮用危险水平的酒精。如果人们长期滥用酒精，这可能会严重损害健康。有几个危险饮酒的预测因素，例如，与社会经济地位较高的人相比，社会经济地位较低的人倾向于喝更多的危险饮料。一种理论，社会因果关系方法，表明社会经济地位较低的人会暴露在更大的压力和逆境中，反过来，驱使人们消费更多的酒精。研究强调，压力是健康的社交饮酒者和危险饮酒者滥用酒精的风险因素。此外，压力增加酒精渴望和消费的影响被发现受到潜在的人格特质的调节，如冲动。换句话说，那些具有较高冲动水平的人往往比那些不那么冲动的人在压力下渴望和消费更多的酒精。高级/专业技能，例如面试技巧，ESRC的使用编程能力，包括使用PsychoPy和PsyToolKit设计和执行心理实验的能力;出版，我发表了我本科生的数据（Clay et al.，2018年，药物和酒精依赖）和硕士（克莱和帕克，2018年，提交给精神药理学）项目，作为第一作者。这项研究计划的首要目标是通过探索几个心理因素，进一步了解SES和危险饮酒之间的关系。（例如人格特征）、生理（例如压力反应）和社会（例如性别和种族）因素。通过这样做，我们将能够就当前和未来围绕酒精使用的立法做出更明智的决定，这些立法试图解决目前的公共卫生问题。

In the UK, there is a great public health concern surrounding alcohol, with approximately 20% of the population regularly consuming alcohol at hazardous levels. If people continue to misuse alcohol over long-periods of time, this can be severely damaging to health.There are several predictive factors of hazardous drinking, for example, people of lower socio-economic status (SES) tend to drink more hazardously when compared to those of higher SES. One theory, the social causation approach, suggests that having a lower SES exposes people to a greater level of stress and adversity and in turn, drives individuals to consume more alcohol. Research has highlighted stress as a risk factor for alcohol misuse within both healthy social drinkers and hazardous drinkers. Furthermore, the effect of stress increasing alcohol craving and consumption has been found to be modulated by underlying personality traits, such as impulsivity. In other words, those with higher levels of impulsivity tend to crave and consume more alcohol following stress than those who are less impulsive.Advanced /Specialist Skills, e.g. Interview skills, use of ESRC datasetsProgramming capability,including the capability to design and execute psychological experiments using PsychoPy and PsyToolKit; Publishing, I published the data from my undergraduate (Clay et al., 2018, Drug and Alcohol Dependence) and Masters (Clay & Parker, 2018, Submitted to Psychopharmacology) projects, acting as first author.The overarching aim of this programme of study is to further our understanding of the relationship between SES and hazardous drinking through the exploration of several psychological (e.g. personality traits), physiological (e.g. stress response) and social (e.g. gender and ethnicity) factors. In doing so we will be able to make better informed decisions regarding current and future legislation surrounding alcohol use, which attempts to address the present public health concerns.