DEVELOPMENTAL TWIN STUDY: ATTENTION, AGGRESSION, AFFECT

这项双胞胎研究的主要目的是使用来自 在多个时间点通过多项评估获得的多名知情人 技术，以确定遗传表型，为未来的基因定位研究， ADHD及相关行为为了实现这一目标，研究人员将 分析标准化的父母报告的注意力问题，攻击性 行为和焦虑/抑郁行为综合征，由儿童测量 行为检查表（CBCL）已被证明是ADHD的高度预测 以及最常见的合并症已收集3，084个CBCL 荷兰双胞胎登记处在他们3岁和7岁时对双胞胎进行了登记。 对于这些数据，他将添加父母（CBCL和父母评定量表- CPRS）， 教师报告（教师报告表- TRF和Conners教师评级 量表-CTRS）在10岁和12岁。他还将添加母亲DSM-IV访谈数据 对250对ADHD高危双胞胎和250对非ADHD双胞胎进行了研究。这 设计具有以下优点：1）它结合了双胞胎研究的特征 2）将教师的报告数据加入到一个 以前只有父母报告数据的研究; 3）它增加了Conners的数据 以前只有CBCL数据的研究; 4）它通过收集DSM-IV数据 对双胞胎中的选定样本进行了访谈，这些双胞胎被很好地描述为 3岁、7岁、10岁和12岁时的CBCL数据以及10岁时的TRF/Conners数据， 12.有了这些数据，研究者将实现以下目标：1）测试 结合母亲、父亲和教师评分的信息方差效应; 2） 结合CBCL、Conners和DSM访谈数据测量工具方差 评估ADHD症状和相关行为的遗传相关性， （3）衡量发展的连续性和变化， 遗传和环境因素对ADHD症状的影响及相关 行为; 4）测试遗传和环境中的性别差异 注意力缺陷多动障碍的症状和相关行为的贡献;和5）使用遗传 潜在的结构模型，以估计遗传和环境对 ADHD症状与相关行为的共病。潜在好处 这项研究包括识别基因歧视， 表型用于ADHD和相关疾病的研究。通过识别这些 表型，这项研究将有助于指导未来的分子遗传学研究， ADHD及相关行为该项目的一个长期目标是继续 研究这些主题，以扩大遗传因素的研究， 从童年，到青春期，再到成年。

The main objective of this proposed twin study is to use data from multiple informants, obtained at multiple time points with multiple assessment techniques to identify heritable phenotypes for future gene-mapping studies of ADHD and related behaviors. To accomplish this objective, the investigator will analyze standardized parental reports of Attention Problems, Aggressive Behavior, and Anxious/Depressed behavior syndromes, as measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) which have been shown to be highly predictive of ADHD and its most common comorbid conditions. CBCLs have been collected on 3,084 twin pairs by the Netherlands Twin Registry when they were 3 and 7 years old. To these data, he will add parent (CBCL and Parent Rating Scale- CPRS) and teacher reports (Teacher's Report Form- TRF, and Conners' Teacher Rating Scale-CTRS) at ages 10 and 12. He will also add maternal DSM-IV interview data on a sub-sample of 250 at high risk for ADHD and 250 non-ADHD twin pairs. This design has the following strengths: 1) It combines features of a twin study with those of a longitudinal design; 2) It adds teachers' report data to a study that previously had only parental report data; 3) It adds Conners' data to a study that previously only had CBCL data; 4) It collects DSM-IV data via interviews on a selected sample of the twins who have been well described with CBCL data at ages 3, 7, 10, and 12 and with TRF/Conners' data at ages 10 and 12. With these data, the investigator will achieve the following aims: 1) Test informant variance effects by combining mother, father, and teacher ratings; 2) Measure instrument variance by combining CBCL, Conners' and DSM Interview data to assess genetic correlation for symptoms of ADHD and related behaviors across assessment approaches; 3) Measure developmental continuity and change in genetic and environmental contributions to symptoms of ADHD and related behaviors; 4) Test gender differences in the genetic and environmental contributions to symptoms of ADHD and related behaviors; and 5) Use genetic latent structure models to estimate genetic and environmental influences on comorbidity of symptoms of ADHD and related behaviors. Potential benefits of this research include the identification of genetically discriminating phenotypes for the study of ADHD and related disorders. By identifying these phenotypes, this research will help guide future molecular genetic studies of ADHD and related behaviors. A long-term goal of this project is to continue to study these subjects in order to extend the study of genetic factors from childhood, across adolescence, and into adulthood.