METABOLIC EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TOBACCO RELATED CANCERS IN BLACK AND WHITE AMERICANS

美国的黑人和白色人明显地表现出 烟草相关和/或酒精相关肿瘤的不同特征。 对这些群体吸烟模式的分析并没有显示出更高的吸烟率。 每日吸烟量，以解释观察到的较高患病率 或烟草类型的差异 产品，这可能有助于解释观察到的较低的尿 膀胱癌的发病率 目前的建议是 代谢流行病学研究旨在阐明是否差异 代谢能力的差异，导致个人暴露的差异 激活烟草烟雾致癌物的靶组织是负责的 观察到的特定部位癌症发病率的变化。的 拟议的五年调查将包括三项主要研究。 在 研究#1，共320名健康吸烟者，每个种族-性别组合80人 将被招募。在这项横断面研究中， 将获得生活方式、吸烟史和饮食。此外，几个 烟草烟雾暴露和易感性的新生物标志物 将研究致癌物，包括乙酰化表型，P-450 IA 2 表型，4-氨基联苯和NNK的血红蛋白加合物，尿NNK 代谢产物和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶MI基因型。 在研究#2中， NNAL-葡萄糖醛酸化表型与其他选定的 与肺腺癌风险相关的生物标志物将是 采用病例对照设计进行研究。在研究#3中， 乙酰化与P-450 IA 2表型和其他选择性 将在黑人中研究与膀胱癌风险相关的生物标志物， 白人采用病例对照设计。共140例病例和对照， #2和#3研究中招募。总的来说，该项目试图 提供了一种机制， 种族之间的关系可能会得到阐明，并借鉴专家的专业知识， 美国健康基金会烟草相关癌症的大型数据库 我们有能力整合适当的问卷信息， 实验室数据来自不同的人群。 独特的方法， 代谢流行病学将使我们能够更全面地了解 癌症患病率的多样性。

Black and White populations in the United States manifest distinctly different profiles of tobacco-related and/or alcohol-related neoplasms. Analyses of smoking patterns by these groups have not revealed a higher intake of cigarettes per day to account for the observed higher prevalence of aerodigestive cancer among Blacks or differences in type of tobacco products which might help explain the observed lower rates of urinary bladder cancer among black populations. The current proposal is a metabolic epidemiological study designed to elucidate whether differences in metabolic capacity resulting in differences in exposure of individuals and target tissues to activated tobacco smoke carcinogens are responsible for the observed variations in site-specific cancer incidence. The proposed five.year investigation will consist of three major studies. In study #1, a total of 320 healthy smokers, 80 of each race-sex combination will be recruited. In this cross-sectional study, questionnaire data on lifestyle, smoking history and diet will be obtained. In addition, several new biomarkers for exposure and susceptibility to tobacco-smoke carcinogens will be studied including acetylation phenotype, P-450IA2 phenotype, hemoglobin adducts from 4-aminobiphenyl and NNK, urinary NNK metabolites and glutathione S-transferase MI genotype. In study #2, the association between NNAL-glucuronidation phenotype and other selected biomarkers with the risk for adenocarcinoma of the lung will be investigated using a case-control design. Finally, in study #3, the association of acetylation and P-450IA2 phenotype and other selected biomarkers with bladder cancer risk will be investigated in Blacks and Whites using a case-control design. A total of 140 cases and controls will be recruited for both studies #2 and #3. Overall, the project attempts to provide mechanisms whereby differences in site-specific cancer incidence between the races might be elucidated and draws upon the expertise of the American Health Foundation large data base in tobacco-related cancers and upon our ability to integrate appropriate questionnaire information and laboratory data obtained from diverse populations. The unique approach in metabolic epidemiology will enable us to more fully understand the observed diversity in cancer prevalence.