Emotional Regulation and Intimate Violence

描述（由研究者提供）：本项目旨在通过将强制性愤怒冲突行为的临床科学发现与情绪和情绪调节的基础科学相结合，进一步了解伴侣暴力的病因和维持机制。有两个问题尤其令人烦恼：为什么人们会坚持对家庭成员表现出愤怒、强制性的升级行为，尽管这种行为具有令人不快和破坏性的特质（尽管这种行为通常违反了个人和社会关于如何对待亲人的规范）？有些人是如何从愤怒的冲突中缓和下来，从而加强而不是破坏他们的关系的呢？我们对这两个问题提出一个统一的解释。通过将Patterson（1982）关于家庭中愤怒行为升级如何在不知不觉中得到加强的模型与强调愤怒的适应性及其经验、表现/行为和生理成分的互动性的基本情绪调节研究相结合，我们将假设一个控制夫妻冲突中二元愤怒升级和降级机制的综合模型。如果我们的假设得到支持，我们不仅会加深对促进和维持伴侣暴力的因素的理解，而且还会发现处理愤怒冲突的功能方式背后的自然后果。该模型将使我们能够解决一些关于伴侣暴力的最紧迫、最基本但尚未解决的问题，比如“暴力个体和非暴力个体的愤怒冲突行为是由什么造成的：人际关系过程还是个体内部过程？”…“功能性个体如何调节愤怒冲突，使其适应能力最大化，破坏能力最小化？”“什么样的愤怒控制策略是有效的，对谁有效？”…哪些可能在某些方面有效，但在其他方面适得其反？”对这些问题的回答是建立基于经验的有效的伴侣暴力干预措施的先决条件。我们将通过随机数字拨号程序从具有代表性的抽样框架中招募200对夫妇的档案样本来检验我们的假设。参与者(a)在10次降雨期间被录像。婚姻冲突;(b)通过一种经过验证的视频介导的回忆程序，私下对他们经历的愤怒的强度进行评分；(c)私下表明，当他们通过第二次视频介导的回忆观看使用有意策略来降低愤怒时。作为这个应用程序的一部分，我们将对参与者表现出的愤怒的强度进行编码，并将其与他们对经历过的愤怒和有意的降级尝试的评级相匹配。

DESCRIPTION (provided by investigator): This proposed project aims to further our basic knowledge about the etiology and maintenance of partner violence by cross-pollinating clinical science findings about coercive anger conflict behavior with basic science regarding the emotion and emotion regulation. Two questions are particularly vexing: Why do people persist in performing angry, coercive escalating behaviors toward family members despite the unpleasant and destructive qualities of the behavior (and despite the fact that such behaviors typically violate both personal and societal norms about how to treat loved ones)? How are some people able to deescalate out of angry conflict in a way that strengthens, rather than corrodes, their relationships? We propose a unifying explanation to both questions. By combining Patterson's (1982) model of how angry behavior escalation in families is unwittingly reinforced with basic emotion regulation research emphasizing the adaptivity of anger and the interactivity of its experiential, display/behavioral, and physiological components, we wilI posit an integrative model of the mechanisms that control dyadic anger escalation and de-escalation in couples' conflict. If our hypotheses are supported, not only will our understanding of the factors that promote and maintain partner violence be deepened, but we will have uncovered the natural consequences that underlie functional ways of handling angry conflict. The model will allow us to address some of the most pressing and basic, but unanswered, questions regarding partner violence, such as "What accounts for the angry conflict behaviors of violent and nonviolent individuals: interpersonal processes orintra-individual ones? .... How do 1"unctional individuals regulate angry conflicts to maximize their adaptiveness and minimize their destructive capacity?" "What anger control strategies are effective and for whom? .... Which ones may be effective in some ways but counterproductive in others?" Answers to these questions are prerequisites to the creation of empirically derived, effective interventions for partner violence. We will test our hypotheses in an archival sample of 200 couples recruited from a representative sampling frame via random digit dialing procedures. Participants (a) were video-recorded during a 10-rain. marital conflict; (b) privately rated the intensity of their experienced anger on a moment-by-moment basis via a validated video-mediated recall procedure; and (c) privately indicated when they used intentional strategies to deescalate anger via a 2nd video-mediated recall viewing. As part of this application, we will code the intensity participants' displayed anger on a moment-by-moment basis, matching it with their ratings of experienced anger and intentional deescalation attempts.