Adolescent progression of nictoine dependence

描述：(申请人描述)对青少年尼古丁依赖易感性的个体差异知之甚少。虽然大多数青少年都在尝试吸烟，但大多数人并没有形成习惯使用和尼古丁依赖的模式。虽然家庭和生物行为因素在预测吸烟使用方面都很重要，但人们对以下方面知之甚少：1)吸烟的家庭聚集性，特别是在青少年和一级亲属(父母和兄弟姐妹)中；2)尼古丁使用和依赖的表型，从父母传递给孩子；以及3)可能易于尼古丁依赖的遗传生物行为底物。在青少年和成年人中，与破坏性行为障碍(如注意缺陷多动障碍、品行障碍)和情绪障碍(如抑郁)有关的特征都与吸烟有关。孕期母亲吸烟增加了青年吸烟和青年尼古丁依赖的可能性，同时与各种发育和神经认知缺陷(如多动症；品行障碍)有关，这些缺陷可能会通过加强尼古丁的强化作用而增加对尼古丁依赖的可能性。这项建议的目的是研究：(1)青少年共病破坏性行为障碍、情绪障碍和尼古丁依赖进展之间的关系；(2)相应的父母和兄弟姐妹共同吸烟、尼古丁依赖、反社会、ADHD和情绪障碍与青少年尼古丁依赖进展的关系；以及(3)孕期母亲吸烟对共病破坏性行为和情绪障碍和尼古丁依赖的发生率和发展轨迹的影响。因此，将在3年内对644个家庭(青少年、兄弟姐妹和父母)进行前瞻性研究，以确定那些预测尼古丁依赖进展的因素。这项前瞻性家庭研究将利用作为国家合作围产期项目(NCPP)的一部分收集的现有和新数据，该项目的新英格兰队列包括超过16,000名成年人，他们自出生以来一直被跟踪，他们的早期神经、认知和心理功能已被记录在案，他们的孩子平均14岁，当拟议的研究完成时将达到17岁。我们建议研究这些儿童、他们的父母和兄弟姐妹的共病破坏性行为和情绪障碍，并使用这些信息来预测尼古丁依赖的进展。

DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Description) Little is known about individual differences in susceptibility to nicotine dependence among youth. While most adolescents experiment with tobacco, the majority do not go on to develop a pattern of habitual use and nicotine dependence. While both familial and biobehavioral factors are important in predicting cigarette use, little is known about; 1) the familial aggregation of smoking especially among adolescents and first degree relatives (parents and siblings); 2) the nicotine use and dependence phenotypes which are transmitted from parent to child; and 3) heritable biobehavioral substrates which may predispose toward nicotine dependence. Characteristics related to disruptive behavior disorders (e.g., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder) and mood disorders (e.g. depression) are associated with smoking in both youth and adults. Maternal smoking during pregnancy increases the likelihood of youth smoking and young adult nicotine dependence, and is simultaneously associated with a variety of developmental and neurocognitive deficits (e.g., ADHD; conduct disorder) that may increase the likelihood of developing nicotine dependence by potentiating the reinforcing effects of nicotine. The aims of this proposal are to study associations between: (1) Adolescent comorbid disruptive behavioral disorders, mood disorders, and the progression of nicotine dependence; (2) Corresponding parental and sibling comorbid smoking, nicotine dependence, antisocial, ADHD, and mood disorders in relation to adolescents' progression of nicotine dependence; and (3) Effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on incidence and trajectory of comorbid disruptive behavioral and mood disorders and nicotine dependence. Accordingly, 644 families (adolescents, siblings and parents) will be studied prospectively over 3 years to determine those factors which predict progression of nicotine dependence. This prospective family study will utilize both existing and new data gathered as part of the National Collaborative Perinatal Project (NCPP), whose New England cohort includes over 16,000 adults who have been followed since birth, whose early neurological, cognitive, and psychological functioning has been documented, and whose children are, on average, 14 years old, and will be 17 years old when the proposed study is complete. We propose to study comorbid disruptive behavioral and mood disorders in these children, their parents and siblings, and use this information to predict progression of nicotine dependence.