HOSTILITY, MARITAL INTERACTION AND HEALTH IN AGING

敌意增加了冠心病的风险，可能是通过心血管对人际压力的反应机制。婚姻是这一机制的一个重要背景。然而，成人发展的观点表明，婚姻冲突可能是中年配偶特质敌意的一个更核心的问题，而合作的压力可能是老年夫妇敌意的重要原因。在个体、配偶和夫妻敌意效应模型的指导下，本研究探讨了敌意对婚姻冲突和合作的直接行为和心理生理反应的影响，以及对动态血压、冠状动脉疾病、婚姻适应和认知功能的健康结果的影响。主要目的是研究（a）在冲突和合作解决问题的过程中，敌意对中老年人行为和心血管反应的影响如何不同，（B）敌意对动态血压和冠状动脉疾病的影响，以及（c）敌意在合作解决问题的频率和质量中的作用。150名中年（40-50岁）和150名老年已婚夫妇（60-70岁）将参与为期4天的研究。敌意将通过多方法方法进行测量，包括访谈，自我报告和配偶报告措施。婚姻互动将被检查为夫妻讨论婚姻冲突的来源，并解决规划任务。交互将被编码为典型的组件的相互作用的敌对的人，也不利于协作认知。在这两项任务中，将通过血压、心率和心阻抗图检查心理生理反应。敌意的影响将被检查对健康结果，如冠状动脉疾病（通过计算机断层扫描评估）动态血压，婚姻调整和一般认知功能（例如，流体和结晶智力）。这项研究的长期目标是确定成年期心血管风险、婚姻调整和认知老化的潜在可改变的决定因素。

Hostility confers increased risk of coronary heart disease, presumably through the mechanism of cardiovascular reactivity to interpersonal stressors. Marriage is an important context for this mechanism. However, an adult developmental perspective suggests that marital conflict may be a more central issue for trait hostility among middle- aged spouses, whereas the stress of collaboration may be important for hostility in older couples. Guided by a model of individual, spouse, and couple effects of hostility, the proposed study examines the effects of hostility on immediate behavioral and psychophysiological responses to marital conflict and collaboration, and on health outcomes of ambulatory blood pressure, coronary artery disease, marital adjustment, and cognitive functioning. The major aims are to examine (a) how the effect of hostility on behavioral and cardiovascular responses may differ for middle-aged and older adults, during conflict and collaborative problem solving, (b) the effect of hostility on ambulatory blood pressure and coronary artery disease, and (c) the role of hostility in the frequency and quality of collaborative problem solving. One-hundred and fifty middle-aged (40-50 years) and 150 older married couples (60-70 years) will be involved in a 4-day study. Hostility will be measured in a multi-method approach with interview, self-report, and spouse report measures. Marital interaction will be examined as couples discuss a source of marital conflict and solve a planning task. Interaction will be coded for components typical of interactions of hostile persons and also detrimental to collaborative cognition. Psychophysiological reactivity will be examined via blood pressure, heart rate, and impedance cardiography during the two tasks. The effects of hostility will be examined on health outcomes such as coronary artery disease (assessed via computed tomography) ambulatory blood pressure, marital adjustment, and general cognitive function (e.g., fluid and crystallized intelligence). The long-term goal of the research is to identify potentially modifiable determinants of cardiovascular risk, marital adjustment, and cognitive aging in adulthood.