Reconciling the Concept of Time Flow with the Static Block Universe

在这个项目中，我的目标是调查是否倡导者的静态块宇宙，其中所有的时间存在平等，没有定义的当前时刻或移动的部分，必须致力于一个流动的图片或是否有可能调和这两个观点重新解释什么是流。这项研究将有助于我们理解物理理论如何与时间相关，以及它们如何封装其所有属性。当前的文献（亚瑟，2019）（萨维特，Myrvold，和乔伊，2009）（迪克斯，2006）提出了一个基于事件局部发生的静态流概念，并对他们如何做到这一点以及他们失败的地方进行了调查，这将揭示这种尝试所面临的挑战。我将考虑他们所描述的是否是真正的流动，以及它对我们解释物理世界中的理论有什么影响。块宇宙的结构将受到它所构建的流图以及它所依赖的理论概念的影响。本项目旨在研究三个主要领域以构建流图。A部分：流动的概念我的第一个目标是要找出流动的基本特征，并说明如何在没有移动的现在时刻的情况下，建立一个静态的流动。动态流动的倡导者定义了一些基本属性，如移动的现在（由于上面给出的无限回归论点而不连贯）和流动的速率（Price，2009），以及方向和连续性。我将考察罗素（1903）的“at-at”理论，即运动只是在不同的时间占据不同的状态，以及莫德林（2002）的观点，即通道是时空中的一种内在不对称。做了这些之后，我还可以评估这些性质中哪些与静态的流相矛盾。B部分：现代物理学中的流理查德亚瑟最近的书提出了时间的局部化通过的论点，遵循适当的时间沿着一条世界线，一个物体在时空中的轨迹。根据项目第一阶段确定的关键属性，可以对亚瑟的工作有多成功进行全面评估。具体项目包括：1.如何将亚瑟的分析推广到狭义相对论中的非惯性参考系？亚瑟在狭义相对论中描绘了一幅流动的图景，但只考虑了惯性系。将这一点扩展到加速帧，将有助于深入了解他的公式如何与现代物理学相抵触，以及在不同情况下流动是什么样的。具体来说，我将考虑不断加速Rindler坐标，这有助于模拟黑洞等现象。这也可以推广到广义相对论。2.一个局部的而非普遍的心流概念是否仍然具有我们所要求的特征？我们的许多常识性理解都需要一个均匀发展的宇宙时刻，亚瑟的局部化版本是否能满足这些要求需要充分考虑。C部分：物理流通过这种检查，很明显，我们对时间的许多概念都依赖于宇宙中物质的物理结构。这对如何理解时间流有很大的影响。1.对相对论的不同理解如何影响流的概念？哈维·布朗（Harvey Brown，2005）区分了相对论的结果是时空几何结构的影响，还是控制物体和过程的力的动力学定律的影响。我想考虑的是，对相对性公设的不同解释是否会影响我们对流动的理解。2.一个过程必须具有什么特征才能测量时间，在没有这些特征的系统中如何理解流动？某些特征对于将流程定义为计时是必要的，这些特征都是必要的吗？如果没有其中的一个或多个，我们如何理解流程？

In this project I aim to investigate whether advocates of the static block universe, in which all of time exists equally with no defined present moment or moving parts, must be committed to a flowless picture or whether it is possible to reconcile the two viewpoints by reinterpreting what flow is. This research will contribute to our understanding of how physical theories relate to time and how they can encapsulate all its properties. Current literature (Arthur, 2019) (Savitt, Myrvold, & Joy, 2009) (Dieks, 2006) proposes a concept of static flow based on localised occurrences of events and an investigation into how they do this and where they fail will reveal the challenges facing such an attempt. I will consider whether what they describe is truly flow and what implications it has for our interpretations of theories in the physical world. The structure of the block universe will be affected by the picture of flow built into it and what theoretical concepts it relies on.This project would aim to look at three main areas to build a picture of flow.Part A: Concepts of FlowMy first aim will be to look at identifying the essential features of flow and show how a static version, without a moving present moment, can be formulated.1.What properties must flow possess?Dynamic flow advocates have defined essential properties such as a moving present (incoherent due to the infinite regress argument given above) and a rate of flow (Price, 2009), as well as direction and continuity. I will examine Russell's (1903) "at-at" theory of motion being simply occupying different states at different times and Maudlin's (2002) view of passage as an intrinsic asymmetry in spacetime. Having done this I can also assess which of these properties contradict a static version of flow.Part B: Flow in Modern PhysicsRichard Arthur's recent book puts forward arguments for the localized passage of time following proper time along a worldline, the path an object traces out in spacetime. A full assessment of how successful Arthur's work is can be made based on the key properties identified in the first stage of the project. Particular projects will include:1.How can Arthur's analysis be extended to non-inertial reference frames in special relativity?Arthur lays out a picture of flow in special relativity but only considers inertial frames. Extending this to accelerating frames will provide insight into how his formulation holds against modern physics and what flow is like in different situations. Specifically, I will consider constantly accelerating Rindler Coordinates which can help to model phenomena such as black holes. This can then also be extended to general relativity. 2.Does a localised, rather than universal, notion of flow still have the features we require of it?Much of our common sense understanding requires a universal moment progressing uniformly, whether Arthur's localised version can satisfy these requirements needs full consideration.Part C: Physical FlowFollowing this examination, it becomes apparent that many of our notions of time depend on the physical structures of matter in the universe. This has strong implications for how time flow can be understood.1.How do different understandings of relativity theory effect the idea of flow?Harvey Brown (2005) drew the distinction between understanding the consequences of relativity as an effect of the geometrical structure of spacetime and as an effect of dynamic laws governing forces on objects and processes. I wish to consider whether different interpretations of the postulates of relativity effect our understanding of flow.2.What features must a process have to be able to measure time and how can flow be understood in systems without these features?Certain features are necessary to define a process as timekeeping, are these features all necessary and how can we understand flow without one or more of them?