Diet and Genetic Risks for Prostate Cancer

描述（由申请人提供）：前列腺癌是美国男性中最常诊断的癌症，也是癌症死亡的第二大原因。前列腺癌的病因仍然难以捉摸，但有越来越多的证据表明，饮食模式与前列腺癌的发生有关。最一致的饮食发现是高脂肪或高脂肪食物的饮食会增加风险，越来越多的证据表明，蔬菜中发现的化合物（例如，番茄红素，芥子油苷）降低风险。然而，研究结果并不一致，并且对于降低前列腺癌风险的具体饮食建议没有科学共识。与风险相关的非饮食因素包括年龄，种族和家族史。这些和其他风险因素可能与饮食成分相互作用，改变前列腺中的促氧化剂-抗氧化剂平衡。这项建议是为了全面调查膳食脂肪，水果和蔬菜摄入量和编码氧化应激调节酶的基因多态性与前列腺癌风险之间的关系。我们的假设是，饮食和其他增加氧化应激的因素（例如，饮食脂肪、吸烟）与前列腺癌风险增加相关;降低氧化应激的饮食因素与前列腺癌风险降低相关;这些风险的程度将因癌症易感性遗传特征而异。我们将测试其产物影响组织对氧化应激反应的基因多态性是否影响前列腺癌的风险，以及这些多态性与氧化应激相关的饮食因素是否存在相互作用。我们的研究样本是CARET（β-胡萝卜素和视黄醇功效试验）的12，025名男性参与者。迄今为止，有718例确诊的原发性前列腺癌病例。这项研究将提供有关前列腺癌病因学的重要信息，并提出预防和控制的新策略。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths among American men. Prostate cancer etiology remains elusive but there is growing evidence that dietary patterns are associated with prostate carcinogenesis. The most consistent dietary finding is that diets high in fat or high-fat foods increase risk and there is increasing evidence that compounds found in vegetables (e.g., lycopene, glucosinolates) decrease risk. However, results are not consistent across studies and there is no scientific consensus for specific dietary recommendations to reduce prostate cancer risk. Non-dietary factors associated with risk include age, race and family history. These and other risk factors may interact with dietary components and alter the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in the prostate. This proposal is for a comprehensive investigation into the associations of dietary fat, fruit and vegetable intakes and polymorphisms in genes that encode oxidative stress regulatory enzymes with the risk of prostate cancer. Our hypothesis is that dietary and other factors that increase oxidative stress (e.g., dietary fat, smoking) are associated with increased risk of prostate cancer; dietary factors that decrease oxidative stress are associated with decreased risk of prostate cancer; and the magnitude of these risks will vary by cancer susceptibility genetic profile. We will test whether polymorphisms in genes whose products affect tissue responses to oxidative stress influence prostate cancer risk, and whether there are interactions of these polymorphisms with dietary factors related to oxidative stress. Our study sample is the 12,025 male participants in CARET (The Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial). To date, there are 718 confirmed cases of primary prostatic carcinoma. This proposed study will provide important information about prostate cancer etiology and suggest new strategies for prevention and control.