Malaria Vector Biology in Brazil: Genetics and Ecology

描述：(申请人提供)：达林伊按蚊仍然是主要的 巴西的新热带疟疾媒介，但其重要性在#年可能正在减弱 一些生态环境发生了变化，而另一些环境则在增加。按蚊 马拉霍拉新近被指控为该市的主要媒介 亚马逊地区巴西阿马帕州的Macapa。马拉霍拉按蚊在中国的重要性 在该地区受干扰的栖息地中，传播似乎正在增加。 媒介物种的变化可能会改变#年疟疾传播的流行病学 亚马逊河。这个项目的总体目标是描述和解释 每一种的生态学、遗传学和流行病学方面。Marajoara和An. 巴西亚马逊河流域东北部的达林吉人。在结果中，这项研究可能 解释AN分布模式的变化。Darlingi和An.马拉乔拉在 扰乱的环境，并提供预测此类变化的见解 在其他媒介物种中。该提案的第一个具体目标是说明 关于目前的分布模式、丰度和传染性。 Marajoara和An.Darlingi通过在两个生态区测试假说，稀树草原和 低地热带雨林，以及农业住区和金矿。这将是 通过实地采集和酶联免疫吸附试验进行调查。第二个具体目标 测试种群结构、遗传多样性、分化的假说 和有效人口数量从具有代表性的人口样本中 生态干扰的存在。使用的标记是微卫星和 线粒体DNA COL基因序列。具体目标三：检视潜力 预期可能伴随的流行病学模式的变化 并将使用巴西政府收集的数据 Fundacao Nacional da Saude机构比较亚马逊的几个地点 巴西。第四个具体目标是使用微卫星标记来检查AN。 达林吉分别在马瑙斯和贝伦确定了有文件记载的来源 重建的种群，无论是近的还是远的，以及基因的范围 在每个城市及其周围的所有人口之间流动。

DESCRIPTION: (provided by the applicant): Anopheles darlingi remains the major Neotropical malaria vector in Brazil, but its importance may be diminishing in some ecologically altered environments, while increasing in others. Anopheles marajoara has been newly incriminated as the primary vector around the city of Macapa in Amapa state, Amazonian Brazil. Anopheles marajoara's importance in transmission appears to be increasing in disturbed habitats in this region. Changes in vector species may alter the epidemiology of malaria transmission in the Amazon. The overall goal of this project is to characterize and explain aspects of ecology, genetics and epidemiology of each of An. Marajoara and An. Darlingi in northeastern Amazonian Brazil. Among outcomes, this research may explain changing patterns of distribution of An. Darlingi and An. Marajoara in disturbed environments, along with providing insights to predict such changes in other vector species. The first specific aim of the proposal is to account for current patterns of distribution, abundance and infectivity of An. Marajoara and An. Darlingi by testing hypotheses in two ecoregions, savanna and lowland rainforest, and in agricultural settlements and gold mines. This will be investigated using field collections and ELISA. The second specific aim tests hypotheses of population structure, genetic diversity, differentiation and effective population size from representative population samples in the presence of ecological disturbance. Markers used are microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA Col gene sequences. Specific aim three examines potential changes in epidemiological patterns that might be expected to accompany ecological disturbance and will use data collected by the Brazilian government agency Fundacao Nacional da Saude to compare several locations in Amazonian Brazil. The fourth specific aim uses microsatellite markers to examine An. Darlingi in each of Manaus and Belem to determine the source of the documented reestablished populations, whether nearby or distant, and the extent of gene flow among all populations in and around each city.