Mechanisms Underlying Binocular Disparity Processing

描述（由申请人提供）：我们将评估个体对双眼刺激的敏感性之间的协变，a）建模双眼视觉的潜在机制，以及B）评估遗传因素与经验因素对双眼深度敏感性的影响。 a）使用个体之间的协变对双眼视觉机制进行建模。我们将评估机制的类别有多不同，即处理1）比注视更近（“交叉”）与更远（“非交叉”）的深度，以及2）短持续时间（“瞬时”）与长持续时间（“持续”）的深度刺激。我们还将3）确定共同的机制是否可以处理用于深度感知和聚散眼睛姿势控制的垂直视差。要做到这一点，我们将使用经典的基于协变的建模方法，已被用于色觉，对比敏感度和视觉发展的研究，我在我的论文中扩展。这些方法以前没有被应用于研究双眼视觉。 B）确定基因与经验对双眼深度敏感性的影响。理查兹（1970）提出了初步证据，表明对瞬时深度的敏感性是一种可遗传的性状。我们将对同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎进行研究，以更严格地确定基因与经验对这种敏感性的影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We will assess covariation between individuals' sensitivity to binocular stimuli both a) to model mechanisms underlying binocular vision and b) to evaluate the influence of genetic vs. experiential factors upon sensitivity to binocular depth. a) Model binocular vision mechanisms using covariation between individuals. We will assess how distinct the classes of mechanisms are that process 1) depths closer ("crossed") vs. further ("uncrossed") than fixation, and 2) short-duration ("transient") vs. long-duration ("sustained") depth stimuli. We will also 3) determine whether a common mechanism may process vertical disparity for both perception of depth and control of vergence eye posture. To do this, we will use classical covariation based modeling methods that have been used in the study of color vision, contrast sensitivity, and visual development, and that I have extended in my dissertation. These methods have not previously been applied to the study of binocular vision. b) Determine the effects of genes vs. experience on sensitivity to binocular depth. Richards (1970) showed preliminary evidence that sensitivity to transient depth is a heritable trait. We will conduct a study of identical ("monozygotic") and fraternal ("dizygotic") twins to more rigorously establish the influence of genes vs. experience upon such sensitivity.