fMRI Analysis of Emotion Regulation

描述（由申请人提供）：调节，特别是认知控制情绪反应的能力对心理健康至关重要。情绪失调是许多精神疾病的核心，比如抑郁症。情绪调节也可能影响身体健康，越来越多的证据表明，调节困难有助于心血管疾病的发生和进展，改善情绪调节的干预措施可以增加心血管健康。然而，尚不清楚的是，我们情绪调节能力背后的认知和神经机制。本提案概述了一系列研究，这些研究使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）来研究认知控制情绪的能力，以解决这个问题。这种能力被称为重新评估，它需要从减弱（即减少）或增强（即增加）一个人的情绪反应的角度来解释情绪刺激或事件。实验1-3旨在建立健康青年认知重评价模型。我们假设，重新评估应该依赖于执行认知控制过程的前额叶和扣带系统，并应该调节杏仁核、纹状体和眶额皮质等情绪处理系统的激活。为了验证这些假设，研究考察了积极情绪的衰减和增强；检查可能的中介组件过程，并重新评估其他形式的监管。所有研究的一个特殊方面是纳入了大量的参与者群体，这将使我们能够检查性别和其他影响情绪反应和调节的个体差异变量对情绪的影响。这些差异被用来测试模型解释情感体验正常变化的能力，并发现模型最适用于谁。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Regulation, and in particular, the ability to cognitively control emotional responses is essential for mental health. Emotion dysregulation lies at the heart of many psychiatric disorders, such as depression. Emotion regulation also may influence physical health, and there is growing evidence that regulation difficulties contribute to the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease and that interventions that improve emotion regulation increase cardiovascular health. What remains unclear, however, are the cognitive and neural mechanisms that underlie our emotion regulatory abilities. This proposal outlines a series of studies that tackle this question using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study the ability to cognitively control emotion. This ability is known as reappraisal, which entails interpreting an emotional stimulus or event in terms that attenuate (i.e. decrease) or enhance (i.e. increase) one's emotional response. Experiments 1-3 are aimed at developing a model of cognitive reappraisal in healthy young adults. We hypothesize, that reappraisal should depend upon prefrontal and cingulate systems that implement cognitive control processes, and should modulate activation of emotion processing systems such as the amygdala, striatum, and orbitofrontal cortex. To test these hypotheses, studies examine the attenuation and enhancement of positive emotions; examine possible mediating component processes, and reappraisal to other forms of regulation. A special aspect of all studies is the inclusion of large participant populations that will allow us to examine the influence on emotion of gender and other individual differences variables that influence emotional responding and regulation. These differences are used to test the model's ability to account for normal variations in emotional experience, and to discover to whom the model best applies.