Psychosexual Differentiation: Biology and Socialization

描述(由申请者提供)：该网络的目标是将从事与性别分化的心理学相关领域的工作的基础和临床科学家聚集在一起，建立对该主题的综合和跨学科的理解，重点关注正常的发育过程和发育问题。这也应该有助于理解与性心理分化变化相关的心理问题的复杂根源，包括那些在患有双性障碍和性行为不典型的儿童和青少年中常见的问题，并最终针对这些人群进行循证治疗。其目的是(1)加强以下几个领域的研究之间的概念和经验联系：(A)生理和行为性别分化；(B)性心理分化与精神病理学的关系；(C)儿童、家庭和同伴对有产前风险因素或慢性健康状况的儿童和青少年心理健康和疾病发展的影响；(2)开发合作研究计划，旨在描述(A)基因、产前性激素和出生后社会经验共同促进心理性别分化发展的过程；(B)性心理分化轨迹如何影响整体心理发展；(C)患有双性或非典型性行为的儿童和青少年的心理健康如何受到非性别类型的身体和社会特征的影响；以及(D)发展或完善动物范式，以解释正常和非规范性类型行为背后的生物和社会过程。网络活动包括全面和有针对性的分组会议、电子协作、实验室之间的访问、开发和实施试点项目以及开发协作的多地点赠款申请。15个网络成员代表了从分子到行为层面的专业知识，包括啮齿动物、猴子和人类儿童、青少年和成年群体：雪莉·贝伦鲍姆(PI)、大卫·桑德伯格、禤浩焯·安戈德、丹尼斯·多罗塔尔、丽娜·达斯·艾登、埃丽卡·尤格斯特、巴里·科根、玛丽·李、彼得·李、卡罗尔·马丁、辛迪·梅斯顿、埃米尔·里斯曼、萨利·沙伊维茨、埃里克·维兰和金·沃伦。参与具体问题讨论的顾问包括罗伯特·暴雪、诺曼·福斯特、大卫·佩奇、约翰·麦卡德尔、奥拉·佩斯科维茨和苏珊·雷斯尼克。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this network is to bring together basic and clinical scientists conducting work in areas relevant to psychological aspects of sexual differentiation, to build an integrated and interdisciplinary understanding of the topic, focusing on both normal developmental processes and developmental problems. This should also lead to an understanding of the complex origins of the psychological problems associated with variations in psychosexual differentiation, including those common in children and adolescents with intersex disorders and those with sex-atypical behavior, and ultimately to evidence-based treatments specific to these populations. The aims are to (1) strengthen conceptual and empirical linkages among research in several areas: (a) physical and behavioral sexual differentiation; (b) relation of psychosexual differentiation to psychopathology; (c) child, family, and peer influences on the development of mental health and illness in children and adolescents with prenatal risk factors or chronic health conditions; (2) develop collaborative research programs designed to describe (a) processes through which genes, prenatal sex hormones, and postnatal social experiences jointly contribute to the development of psychosexual differentiation; (b) ways in which trajectories of psychosexual differentiation affect overall psychological development; (c) ways in which mental health of children and adolescents with intersex conditions or sex-atypical behavior is influenced by non-sex-typed physical and social characteristics; and to (d) develop or refine animal paradigms to explain biological and social processes underlying normal and nonnormative sex-typed behaviors. Network activities include full and targeted subgroup meetings, electronic collaboration, visits between labs, development and implementation of pilot projects, and development of collaborative multi-site grant applications. The 15 network members represent expertise from molecular through behavioral levels, with rodent, monkey, and human child, adolescent, and adult populations: Sheri Berenbaum (PI), David Sandberg, Adrian Angold, Dennis Drotar, Rina Das Eiden, Erica Eugster, Barry Kogan, Mary Lee, Peter Lee, Carol Martin, Cindy Meston, Emile Rissman, Sally Shaywitz, Eric Vilain, and Kim Wallen. Consultants participating in discussion of specific issues include Robert Blizzard, Norman Fost, David Page, John McArdle, Ora Pescovitz, and Susan Resnick.