Training in Trauma and Sepsis Research

描述（由申请人提供）：本博士后培训计划提案旨在培训研究员，主要是外科医生，每人为期2- 3年，从事与创伤和败血症相关的基础科学研究。每年总共需要资助5个职位（每年2个新研究员，2个第2年职位和1个第3年职位）。受训者的整体研究重点是损伤炎症反应的分子生物学。主要研究三个领域：1)出血性休克和创伤性休克的分子生物学；II)一氧化氮在脓毒症和创伤中的调节和作用；III)外科患者免疫调节机制。这些领域与目前教师合作的校外研究补助金相吻合。研究计划是极好的培训工具，因为它们提出了广泛的问题，可以根据这些问题进行精确的、目标明确的个人研究培训。师资力量雄厚，所有主要培训师都有校外研究支持和丰富的培训经验。在完成培训计划后，研究员将了解如何设计，执行和完成实验，以回答来自创伤受害者和败血症患者的离散生物学问题。因此，学员不仅要在分子生物学、生物化学和细胞免疫学等复杂的实验室方法方面接受培训，还要在思维过程中应用于未来的实验问题。所有学员将有机会参加匹兹堡大学基础科学系提供的正式学术课程，少数学员将在基础科学系完成博士学位。大多数培训将在主要培训人员的实验室进行，这些主要培训人员都是由校外资助的分子生物学、生物化学、免疫学和细胞生物学领域的资深科学家，采用经过仔细考虑和充分证明的对师徒制的修改。中心培训技术包括每周学徒与培训师一对一的会议，以及每周两次为时11/2小时的研究培训研讨会，由四到五名培训师组成的监督小组委员会，他们的特殊技能补充了主要培训师，同时监督和指导学员的研究计划。这种严格的监督使高效、友好的合作研究和培训同时进行。每位受奖人选择一名首席培训师，执行训练委员会则由教职员共同培训师组成一个奖学金监督委员会，提供必要的专家培训，以补充首席培训师的才能。平权行动招募工作已经非常成功，并将继续；培训设施可以为更多的研究员提供服务，而不是由本提案提供资金。所有的培训都可以在超过50,000平方英尺的设备齐全的实验室空间中进行。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This postdoctoral training program proposal is designed to train fellows, principally surgeons, for a period of 2-to-3 years each, in basic science research relevant to trauma and sepsis. Funds to support a total of five positions each year (two new fellows each year, two 2nd-year positions, and one 3rd-year) are requested. The overall research focus of the trainees is the molecular biology of the inflammatory response to injury. Three areas of research have been targeted: I) The molecular biology of hemorrhagic and traumatic shock; II) The regulation and function of nitric oxide in sepsis and trauma; and III) Mechanisms of immunoregulation in surgical patients. These areas coincide with current extramural research grants on which the faculty collaborate. The research plans are superb vehicles for training because they ask broad questions on which precise, well-targeted individual research training efforts can be staged. The faculty is highly qualified, and all principal trainers have extramural research support and much training experience. Upon completion of the training program the fellow will understand how to design, carry out, and complete experiments to answer discrete biological questions derived from trauma victims and septic patients. The fellow will thus be trained, not simply in the sophisticated laboratory methodology in molecular biology, biochemistry, and cellular immunology, but also in the thought processes to apply to future experimental problems. All trainees will have the opportunity to take formal academic courses offered by the basic science departments of the Univ. of Pittsburgh and a few will complete PhDs in the basic science departments. Most training will take place in the laboratories of the principal trainers who are all extramural grant-funded senior scientists in the areas of molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology, and cell biology, using a carefully thought-out and well-proven modification of the master/apprentice system. The central training technique combines weekly one-on-one meetings between the apprentice and the trainer plus 11/2 hr-long research training seminars twice weekly at which supervising subcommittees of four or five trainers, whose special skills supplement the principal trainer, concurrently monitor and guide the trainees' research program. This intense supervision permits efficient, friendly collaborative research and training simultaneously. The individual fellows choose a principal trainer and the Executive Training Committee tailors a fellowship supervising committee of faculty co-trainers to provide expert training necessary to supplement the talents of the principal trainer. Affirmative action recruitment efforts have already been very successful, and will continue; the training facilities can serve more fellows than will be funded by this proposal. All the training can be carried out in the more than 50,000 sq ft of fully equipped lab space available.