PRENATAL PREDICTORS OF RISK FOR CHILD MALTREATMENT

描述(根据申请者的描述改编)：在5年内， 应聘者将参加培训并与导师一起授课 以及幼儿/儿童发展和社会/情感领域的教师 功能，发展精神病理学，虐待儿童，母亲- 婴儿互动、母婴观察性评估以及研究 在研究方法、生物统计学和公共卫生方面。这些培训 经验将为候选人开发一项先导性研究做好准备 从第二天的中间到第二天的中间进行 资助期的第五年。这项研究将涉及招聘和 在产前基线下采访120名低收入高危母亲，然后 前瞻性评估其中60人和他们的婴儿/幼儿在诊所就诊 在两次纵向随访中(即产后6个月和15个月)。这个 这项研究的总体目标是探索非典型(例如，杂乱无章) 高危城市样本中的依恋模式和产前识别 因素(例如，产妇内部工作模式、产妇心理社会和 人格功能、育儿态度)可以预测 适应不良依恋、婴儿社交/情绪问题和能力，以及 有虐待儿童的风险。通过培训、教育和 试点工作候选人将在评估中发展知识/技能(1) 母亲工作模式，(2)育儿期望/能力，(3)父母- 婴儿互动(适应、忽视、创伤)，(4)婴儿心理社会 开发，以及(5)用于建模的研究设计和统计技术 这些复杂的结构及其相互关系。与收集的 试行孕妇、婴儿和交互/观察性数据 希望制定一个以经验为基础的概念框架和必要的 初步解决与以下几个问题相关的方法技能 依恋和虐待儿童：1)母亲的内部工作模式如何 (产前评估)与特定的育儿态度有关，晚些时候 婴儿依恋安全，有婴儿社交和情感问题 15个月时的能力，并有虐待儿童的风险？2) 产妇内部工作模式的质量(即平衡的、不参与的、 扭曲的)系统地与婴儿的特定模式联系在一起 依附于高风险样本(例如，平衡-安全；脱离-回避； 扭曲-焦虑)？最后，是产妇素质的内在 与特定类型虐待的风险相关的陈述(例如， 脱离-忽视，扭曲-身体虐待)？这个项目的总体目标是 是为候选人进行后续的前瞻性和治疗做好准备 R-01和R-23资助的发展研究将提供经验性的 通过确定预测因素加强早期预防和干预的基础 严重依恋、社交和情绪障碍的儿童和 可能会虐待儿童。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's description): Over a 5-year period, the candidate will participate in training and didactic experiences with mentors and teachers in the areas of infant/child development and social/emotional functioning, developmental psychopathology, child maltreatment, maternal- infant interaction, maternal-infant observational assessment, as well as study in research methodology, biostatistics, and public health. These training experiences will prepare the candidate for developing a pilot study which will be conducted during from the middle of the second through the middle of the fifth years of the funding period. The study will involve recruiting and interviewing 120 low-income high-risk mothers at a prenatal baseline and then prospectively assessing 60 of them with their infant/toddler in clinic visits at two longitudinal follow-ups (i.e., 6- and 15-months postpartum). The overall goal of the study is to explore atypical (e.g., disorganized) attachment patterns within a high risk urban sample and identify prenatal factors (e.g., maternal internal working models, maternal psychosocial and personality functioning, parenting attitudes) that may be predictive of maladaptive attachment, infant social/emotional problems and competencies, and risk for child maltreatment. Through the process of training, education, and pilot work the candidate will develop knowledge/skill in evaluating (1) maternal working models, (2) parenting expectancies/abilities, (3) parent- infant interaction (adaptive, neglectful, traumatic), (4) infant psychosocial development, and (5) research design and statistical techniques for modeling these complex constructs and their interrelationships. With the collection of pilot maternal, infant, and interactional/observational data the candidate hopes to develop an empirically based conceptual framework and the necessary methodological skills to preliminarily address several questions related to attachment and child maltreatment: 1) How are maternal internal working models (assessed prenatally) associated with specific parenting attitudes, with later infant attachment security, with infant social and emotional problems and competencies at 15 months, and with risk for child maltreatment? 2) Is the quality of maternal internal working models (i.e. balanced, disengaged, distorted) associated systematically with specific patterns of infant attachment in a high risk sample (e.g., balanced-secure; disengaged-avoidant; distorted-anxious)? Finally, is the quality of maternal internal representations related to risks for specific types of maltreatment (e.g., disengaged-neglect, distorted-physical abuse)? The overall aim of this project is to prepare the candidate to conduct subsequent prospective and treatment development studies with R-01 and R-23 funding that will provide an empirical basis for enhanced early prevention and intervention by identifying predictors of severe attachment, social and emotional dysfunction in children and the potential for child maltreatment.