Sibling Influence on Smoking in Everyday Settings

描述（由申请人提供）：流行病学和家庭研究表明，兄弟姐妹吸烟比父母吸烟更能预测青少年烟草使用，特别是在青春期早期，作为与同龄人吸烟的联系可能至关重要。尽管如此，人们对兄弟姐妹之间的社会影响的实际人际关系过程知之甚少，特别是当它们在真实的时间和日常环境中展开时。对于兄弟姐妹效应如何与其他关键的人际和个人风险因素相互作用，以推动烟草使用的发展途径，我们所知甚少。这一提议背后的基本前提是，研究兄弟姐妹对吸烟的影响提供了独特的机会来强调关键的社会过程，因为兄弟姐妹与更广泛的家庭风险因素（即，在向青春期过渡的过程中，父母养育子女的行为具有家庭外风险，特别是同伴的影响。这项建议将采用一种方法-经验抽样-这一方法正在成为评估社会互动的一个至关重要的工具，特别是当它们涉及到与健康有关的行为时，因为它们在真实的时间和日常环境中展开。集中在一个队列的青少年兄弟姐妹对来自烟草使用的社区研究，经验抽样将被用来确定兄弟姐妹的影响如何与其他关键的人际和个人内部的风险因素相互作用，以促进初始暴露于香烟以及吸烟的进展。 将追求五个目标：（1）使用经验抽样法，详细地、具有生态学有效性地揭示兄弟姐妹之间的实际社会过程，这些过程有助于促进接触和使用香烟（2）评估兄弟姐妹的影响与关键的父母风险因素之间的联系，特别是父母的监督不足;（3）检查是否有特定的性格特征（4）确定兄弟姐妹互动的特征是否可以预测以后与吸烟的同龄人的关系;和（5）解决文献中的理论要求，以检查这些多个风险因素之间的更高层次的相互作用。揭示在真实的时间和日常环境中促进烟草使用的实际社会过程，将对针对与健康有关的行为的预防和干预战略产生影响，为这些影响提供明确和具体的目标，特别是在青少年时期，这是最初接触烟草的关键时期。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Epidemiological and family studies have revealed that sibling smoking is more predictive of adolescent tobacco use than parent smoking, and especially in early adolescence may be critically important as a link to peer smoking. Despite this, little is known about the actual interpersonal processes that drive social influence between siblings, especially as they unfold in real time and in everyday settings. Even less is known about ways in which sibling effects interact with other key interpersonal and individual risk factors to propel developmental pathways to tobacco use. The fundamental premise behind this proposal is that studying sibling effects on smoking offers unique opportunities to highlight critical social processes because siblings link broader family risk factors (i.e., parenting) with extrafamilial risk, especially peer influences, during the transition to adolescence. This proposal will use a methodology - Experience Sampling - which is becoming a critically important tool for assessing social interactions, especially as they pertain to health-related behaviors, as they unfold in real time and in everyday settings. Focusing on a cohort of adolescent sibling pairs derived from a community study of tobacco use, Experience Sampling will be used to determine how sibling influences interact with other key inter- and intrapersonal risk factors to promote initial exposure to cigarettes as well as progression of smoking. Five aims will be pursued: (1) To use Experience Sampling to reveal in detail and with ecological validity actual social processes between siblings that serve to facilitate exposure to and use of cigarettes (including exposure to older sibling smoking, direct reinforcing behaviors between siblings); (2) To assess links between sibling influences and key parental risk factors, especially low parental monitoring; (3) To examine if there are particular dispositional characteristics (impulsivity, mood states) that index intrapersonal sensitivity to social influences such as sibling effects; (4) To determine if characteristics of sibling interaction are predictive of later affiliation with peers who use tobacco; and (5) To address theoretical calls in the literature to examine higher-level interactions between these multiple risk factors. Uncovering actual social processes, in real time and in everyday settings, that promote tobacco use will have implications for preventive and interventive strategies aimed at health-related behaviors by providing illuminated and concrete targets for these effects, especially as revealed during adolescence, the key period for initial exposure to tobacco.