A TWAIL and post-colonial analysis of the possibilities for self-determination in Kashmir

在国际法范例中，尽管自决享有牢固的地位，但其范围却因巨大的模糊性而突出。联合国安理会第47（1948）号决议明确赞同印控克什米尔人民的自决权，但印度迄今明确否认克什米尔人的这一权利。因此，有必要了解可能对克什米尔冲突很重要的自决的各种变体的轮廓。在非殖民化期间，普遍存在的观念被广泛应用，导致人们被迫加入殖民前的安排，从而导致对少数民族的镇压。少数民族问题本身就嵌入在后殖民时代的边界划分中，因为现代国家地位的概念被强加给了不同的社区。因此，克什米尔冲突是助长这一冲突的uti possidetis等规范的直接结果。国际法优先考虑自决的权利，但同时，将行政当局对新划定的后殖民国家的控制合法化。除了对现有文献的广泛研究外，还将从“第三世界对国际法的看法”（TWAIL）的角度出发，使用国际法律理论的批判史学进行规范分析，以理解克什米尔目前的冲突状态如何直接符合国际法及其在形成后殖民边界方面的作用。这需要访问大英图书馆档案馆，以便批判性地参与与1947年以前的克什米尔和英属印度有关的文书、摘录和文件，这些文件可在“印度办公室记录和私人文件”中找到，以及那些使印度对克什米尔等有争议的土邦的控制进一步合法化的殖民法律。这项研究不仅将为冲突缠身的后殖民国家的正义提供一个案例，而且将有助于为国际法话语做出贡献，国际法话语仍然受到早期背景的强烈影响。它将为解决克什米尔冲突作出强有力的规范性承诺铺平道路。这项研究不仅将对国际法做出重大贡献，而且将通过更多地参与当前显著影响持续冲突的世界政策，对和平与冲突理论做出重大贡献。为解决这一冲突而采取的任何预期行动也必须仔细考虑南亚政治。这项研究将试图通过确定预见全球南方国际关系的解决冲突的有关模式，促进一种补救机制，以巩固受害者（司法）和克什米尔全体人民（自决）的需要。

In the paradigm of international law, although self-determination enjoys a firm entrenchment, its scope is underscored by huge ambiguity. UN Security Council Resolution 47 (1948) expressly endorsed the right to self-determination for the people of Indian-Administered-Kashmir but India has denied Kashmiris this right explicitly to date. It is, therefore, necessary to understand the contour of the variants of self-determination that may be important to Kashmir's conflict. During decolonization, the idea of uti possidetis was extensively applied which resulted in people being forced to join the precolonial arrangements, resulting in the suppression of minorities. The minority-problem is itself embedded in the demarcating of post-colonial boundaries as this idea of modern statehood was inflicted on diverse communities. Kashmir's conflict is, therefore, a direct result of the norms like uti possidetis which has facilitated this conflict. International law prioritized the right to self-determination but simultaneously, legalized the control of administrations on the newly demarcated post-colonial states.Alongside extensive research on existing literature, a normative analysis using critical historiography of international legal doctrines will be carried out from a 'Third World Approaches to the International Law - (TWAIL)' point of view to comprehend how the present state of conflict in Kashmir is directly in consonance with international law and its role in forming of post-colonial boundaries. This will require visiting British Library Archives in order to critically engage with the instruments, extracts, and documents related to pre-1947 Kashmir and British-India, available at "India Office Records and Private Papers" and those colonial laws which further legitimized the Indian control over disputed princely states like Kashmir.This research will not only make a case for justice in conflict-ridden post-colonial states but will aid in contributing to the international law discourse, which remains strongly influenced by the early contexts of uti possidetis. It will pave way for a strong normative commitment to resolve the conflict in Kashmir. This research will not only be a significant contribution to international law but also to the peace and conflict theories by being more engaging with the present world policies that significantly shape the ongoing conflicts. Any prospective action towards the resolution of this conflict will also have to tread carefully considering South-Asian politics. This research will attempt to facilitate a redressal mechanism to consolidate the needs of victims (justice) and the people of Kashmir in general (self-determination) by identifying relevant models of conflict resolution foreseeing the international relations of the global south.