Right to a fair trial in Brazilian Appellate Courts: A Perspective through the lens of Feminist Theory

我的研究调查了法官中的性别权力关系是否会在法官中产生男性倾向的压迫--表现为未能倾听女性的声音，以及对女性声音的无形障碍--这可能会对决策过程中的公平性产生负面影响。我关于存在这种压迫的假设源于我在巴西司法系统工作的经验，但现在需要进行系统的研究，以适当地检验这一假设。我的目的是探讨上诉法院的权力关系，以了解混合法官之间是否存在性别压迫，以及性别压迫如何运作并影响决策过程中的公平性。在这样做的过程中，我将重新评估、创造和重新构建公平。我借鉴了福柯关于权力关系的理论和女权主义关于压迫的观点(福柯1980年；巴特莱特1998；杨1990)来探索这些互动。通过分析法院中的话语和动态(Gee，2014)、权力关系(Kvale和Brinkmann，2009；Munro，2007)以及法官的经验(Braun和Clarke，2013)，这项研究将对巴西法院在实践中如何运作提供一个原创的、深入的描述(Genn，1999)。这是对这一问题的第一次实证研究，研究是以经验为基础的。我的重点是巴西东南部上诉法院，其中包括圣保罗、里约热内卢、米纳斯吉拉斯州和圣埃斯皮里托州。这些法院的女性法官比例很低，从9%到34%不等。我的研究结合了一种理论学说分析，即用混合研究方法产生公平审判权意味着什么。将采用混合研究方法，通过以下方法调查性别对巴西公平审判权的影响：分析法院的裁决，并辅之以对法官和司法助理的半结构化访谈。这一组合旨在获得法官在法院日常工作中互动的详细画面(Genn，1999)。

My research investigates whether gender power relations on the Bench produce male-prone oppression among judges - manifested by a failure to listen, and invisible obstacles, to female voices - that can negatively affect fairness in the decision-making process. My hypothesis that there is such oppression stems from my experience of working within the Brazilian judicial system, but systematic research is now needed in order to test this properly. I aim to explore the power relations in appellate courts in order to understand whether there is gender oppression amongst mixed benches of judges and how it operates and affects the fairness in the decision-making process. In doing so, I will reassess, engender, and reframe fairness. I draw on Foucault's theory on power relations and a feminist perspective on oppression (Foucault 1980; Bartlet 1998; Young 1990) to explore these interactions. By analysing discourse and dynamics in courts (Gee, 2014), power relations (Kvale and Brinkmann 2009; Munro 2007), and judges' experiences (Braun and Clarke, 2013, this research will provide an original, in-depth account of how Brazilian courts operate in practice (Genn, 1999). It is the first empirical study of the issue.The research is empirically grounded. I focus on South-eastern Brazilian appellate courts, which includes Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Espirito Santo States. The proportion of female judges in those courts is low, ranging from 9% to 34%. My research combines a theoretical doctrinal analysis of what it means to engender a right to a fair trial with mixed-research methods. The mixed-research methods will be used to investigate the impact of gender in the right to a fair trial in Brazil through the following approaches: analysis of courts' decisions supplemented by semi-structured interviews with judges and judicial assistants. This combination aims to achieve a detailed picture of the judges' interaction in the everyday routine of courts (Genn, 1999).