Late antique reuse of pagan temples within the framework of urban transition in the Levant (4th-8th c.)

我的研究项目侧重于后古典城市的一个特征，即拜占庭和倭马亚黎凡特（现代约旦，以色列，巴勒斯坦，黎巴嫩，叙利亚）的异教寺庙的再利用，迄今为止很少有研究。通过对建筑、修复和再利用的详细分析，它将研究古代晚期（公元4 -8世纪）城市寺庙和圣所是如何转变的。我的工作将是对该地区异教寺庙来世的第一次全面研究，为晚期古代城市转型和公民美学提供新的见解。它将使用地理信息系统对有关寺庙的建筑活动、改造、修复和废弃的考古证据进行比较多标量分析。通过整合来自当代文学和法律来源的数据（例如优西比乌斯，微积分，狄奥多西法典），并通过选择重要的案例研究（例如格拉萨，凯撒利亚，巴尔米拉），收集的数据集将使我能够解释古典时代和中世纪之间东方城市异教徒寺庙转型的不断变化的社会驱动因素，也为社会与城市发展之间的相互作用提供了新的视角。我已经做好了接受调查的充分准备。它建立在我的硕士论文（Distinction）的基础上，该论文探讨了拜占庭黎凡特（Byzantine Levant）的异教寺庙向教堂的转变，使我对后罗马东部城市中心演变中的纪念性和美学有了深入的了解。我在米兰大学的学习为我在罗马、拜占庭和伊斯兰世界的历史和考古方面打下了全面的基础。我把拉丁语和希腊语读到大学水平，以接触当代资料，并具有意大利语，英语，法语和西班牙语的阅读知识。我计划参加阿拉伯语和德语的模块，以提高我在这些语言方面的现有基础知识。我在意大利、摩洛哥和突尼斯的考古实地项目的经历为我在地中海的物质文化以及挖掘、站立建筑分析和GIS方面的技能提供了良好的基础。我的监督团队拥有对我的博士项目至关重要的晚期古代黎凡特的专业知识：鲍登教授（UoN）的兴趣涵盖了罗马和拜占庭城市在东方的演变，他在约旦的一个寺庙教堂转换领域工作，克鲁普博士（UoN）将帮助我了解罗马城市背景下的寺庙，而雷诺兹博士（UoB）的研究重点是古代巴勒斯坦和阿拉伯的基督教。

My research project focuses on a characteristic of the post-classical city which has seen little research to date, namely the reuse of pagan temples in the Byzantine and Umayyad Levant (modern Jordan, Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria). Through a detailed analysis of construction, repair and reuse, it will examine how urban temples and sanctuaries were transformed during late antiquity (4th-8th c.). My work will be the first comprehensive study of the afterlife of pagan temples in the region, providing new insights on late antique urban transformations and civic aesthetics. It will use GIS to perform a comparative multi-scalar analysis of archaeological evidence regarding construction activity, transformation, repair and abandonment of temples. By incorporating data from contemporary literary and legal sources (e.g. Eusebius, Alculf, the Theodosian Code) and by selecting significant case-studies (e.g. Gerasa, Caesarea, Palmyra), the collected dataset will allow me to interpret the changing societal drivers of pagan temple transformation in the Levantine city between Classical antiquity and the Middle Ages, also casting a new light on the interaction between society and urban development. I am well prepared to undertake this enquiry. It builds upon my MA thesis (Distinction), which explored the conversion of pagan temples into churches in the Byzantine Levant, giving me insight intomonumentality and aesthetics in the evolution of urban centres in the post-Roman east. My studies at the University of Milan provided me with a thorough grounding in the history and archaeology of the Roman, Byzantine and Islamic world. I have taken Latin and Greek to university level to engage with contemporary sources, and have a reading knowledge of Italian, English, French and Spanish. I plan to take modules in Arabic and German to improve my existing basic knowledge in these languages as well. My experience of archaeological field projects in Italy, Morocco and Tunisia has provided me with an excellent grounding in the material culture of the Mediterranean as well as skills in excavation, standing building analysis and GIS. My supervisory team possesses the expertise on late antique Levant essential to my doctoral project: Prof Bowden's (UoN) interests cover both Roman and Byzantine urban evolution in the East, and he worked in the field in Jordan on a temple-church conversion, Dr Kropp (UoN) will help me understand the temples in the context of the Roman city, while Dr Reynolds' (UoB) research focuses on Christianity in late antique Palestine and Arabia.