Risk factors for alcohol dependence in Native Americans

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究项目的目标是开始测试一个更完整的美洲原住民（NA）饮酒模型。该模型的第一部分采用饮酒行为选择理论来帮助解释高平均NA饮酒量。标准生活强化物（slr）是一组基本的奖励经验或结果，个人努力争取，如住房，经济安全，工作机会，家庭亲密和知识。一些NAs较少使用某些单反，较少因饮酒而丢失其他单反，并且较少饮酒与使用其他单反之间的偶然性。因此，他们很少有避免酗酒的动机，因此他们喝得更厉害。该模型的第二部分应用获得性准备理论来解释NAs之间饮酒水平的个体差异。这个模型结合了人格学习和社会心理学习。它提出，去抑制/冲动作为一个普遍的，远端风险因素的一系列行为的行为。当一个人也获得了最近的风险因素，即对饮酒强化的期望时，冲动很可能导致饮酒问题。整体模型解决了群体和个体差异因素。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of the proposed program of research is to begin testing a more complete model of Native American (NA) drinking. The first part of the model adapts drinking behavioral choice theory to help explain high mean NA drinking levels. Standard Life Reinforcers (SLRs) are a basic set of rewarding experiences or consequences that individuals strive for, such as housing, economic security, work opportunity, family closeness, and knowledge. Some NAs experience less access to some SLRs, less loss of other SLRs from drinking, and less contingency between drinking and access to yet other SLRs. As a result, they experience fewer incentives to avoid heavy drinking, and hence they drink more heavily. The second part of the model applies acquired preparedness theory to explain individual differences in drinking levels among NAs. This model incorporates both personality and psychosocial learning. It proposes that disinhibition/impulsivity operates as a general, distal risk factor for a range of acting out behaviors. Impulsivity is likely to lead to problem drinking when one also acquires a proximal risk factor, i.e., expectancies for reinforcement from drinking. The overall model addresses both group and individual difference factors.