SOCIAL SECURITY AND WELL-BEING AROUND THE WORLD

各国社会保障计划条款的巨大差异为我们正在进行的国际比较项目提供了一个天然的实验室，以研究计划条款对个人行为的影响。研究结果清楚地表明，大多数国家的社会保障条款会导致老年工人提前离开劳动力大军，而且各国退休行为的巨大差异在很大程度上可以用这些项目的条款来解释。研究结果还显示，大部分退休诱因来自名义上被贴上“残疾保险”标签的计划，尽管很明显，在许多国家，这些计划基本上是在社会保障提前退休年龄之前提前退休的途径。除了这些结果，我们认为还必须解决其他几个问题，以便更全面地了解社会保障改革的更广泛影响。建议继续与我们现有的参与者团队进行国际比较分析。它有三个目的：(1)理解 社会保障制度规定与老年人--以及年轻人--福祉之间的关系。(2)了解社会保障制度规定与青年就业的关系。(3)了解健康状况和退休之间的关系如何随着社会保障(包括残疾保险)计划的规定而变化，并了解残疾人和非残疾老年人的福祉如何取决于计划规定。通过健康和退休研究(HRS)、英国老龄化纵向研究(ELSA)和即将进行的欧洲健康老龄化和退休调查(SHARE)调查的联系，有可能为老年人的健康和退休研究提供可比的纵向数据，这使得这种分析特别及时。

The vast differences in social security program provisions across countries have provided a natural laboratory for our ongoing international comparison project to study the influence of program provisions on individual behavior. The findings have made clear that social security provisions in most countries induce older workers to leave the labor force early, and that the large difference in retirement behavior across countries can be explained in large part by the provisions of these programs. The findings also show that much of the inducement to retire comes through programs nominally labeled "disability insurance," although it is evident that in many countries these programs essentially serve as routes to early retirement before the social security early retirement age. Beyond these results, there are several additional questions that we believe must be addressed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the broader implications of social security reform. The proposal is to continue international comparative analysis with our established team of participants. There are three aims: (1) To understand the relationship between social security system provisions and the well-being of the elderly--as well as the young. (2) To understand the relationship between social security system provisions and the employment of the young. (3) To understand how the relationship between health status and retirement varies with the provisions of social security (including disability insurance) programs, and to understand how the well-being of the disabled and the non-disabled elderly depends on program provisions. The prospect of comparable longitudinal data for the study of the health and retirement of older persons--through the nexus of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA), and the forthcoming Survey of Health Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) surveys--makes such analysis especially timely.