Ethnographic Evaluation of Tobacco Policies in Bars

描述(由申请人提供)：这项研究旨在调查加利福尼亚州阿拉米达县已被禁止吸烟的不同酒吧内围绕吸烟的信念和行为。在研究小组在旧金山酒吧进行的试点研究的基础上，拟议的研究将阐明执法做法的范围以及顾客、调酒师和经理对烟草使用、二手烟和国家烟草控制政策的规范理解。这项拟议研究的总体目标是了解许多独立酒吧是如何以及为什么不符合加州AB13-无烟工作场所法案的。拟议的研究设计包括一项为期三年的人种学研究，使用110次对顾客、酒吧经理、调酒师和AB 13执法专家的半结构化访谈，以及四波结构化观察，从120家酒吧的随机样本中收集定性和定量数据。样本酒吧是从阿拉米达县酒精销售点的地理编码数据中提取的，其中包括城市低收入少数民族社区和富裕的白人郊区以及农村地区。由于阿拉米达县公共卫生局最近发现只有53%的独立酒吧符合AB13规定，最终的120个独立酒吧样本预计将包括大致相同数量的不符合规定的酒吧和符合规定的酒吧。由于在这些封闭的、通常很小的空间内与吸烟有关的根深蒂固的规范，独立酒吧是顾客和员工接触环境烟草烟雾的最大风险的公共场所。这项研究的发现将产生对酒吧顾客和员工吸烟规范范围的理解，以及不遵守禁令的具体理由。它还将分析该县社区内不同的AB13执法战略，以及它们在限制酒吧吸烟方面的相对成功。这些发现是大规模预防工作的必要先兆，与暴露在环境烟草烟雾中的员工和赞助人有关，包括在有色人种社区。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This study is designed to investigate beliefs and behavior surrounding tobacco smoking within diverse Alameda County, California bars in which smoking has been banned. Building upon pilot research conducted by the research team in San Francisco bars, the proposed study will explicate the range of enforcement practices and patrons', bartenders', and managers' normative understandings of tobacco use, second-hand smoke, and state tobacco control policies. The overall goal of the proposed study is understanding how and why many stand-alone bars are out of compliance with California AB13, the Smoke-Free Workplace act. The proposed research design consists of a three-year ethnographic study using 110 semi-structured interviews with patrons, bar managers, bartenders and AB 13 enforcement specialists, as well as four waves of structured observations to collect both qualitative and quantitative data in a random sample of 120 bars. The sample bars are drawn from geocoded data on alcohol outlets throughout Alameda County, which includes urban low-income ethnic minority communities and affluent white suburbs as well as rural areas. Because the Alameda County Department of Public Health recently found only 53 percent of stand-alone bars to be in compliance with AB13, the final sample of 120 stand-alone bars is expected to include roughly equal numbers of noncompliant bars and compliant bars. Due to entrenched norms related to smoking in these enclosed, often small, spaces, the stand-alone bar is the public setting in which the population of patrons and employees is at greatest risk for exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. This study's findings will produce understandings of the range of bar patron and employee smoking norms and specific rationales for not complying with the ban. It will also analyze varying AB13 enforcement strategies within the county's communities and their relative success in restricting smoking in bars. These findings constitute a necessary precursor for large-scale preventive efforts with relevance to employees and patrons at risk for exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, including in communities of color.