Syntheses of HIV Risk Reduction Research

描述(由申请人提供)：这份竞争性续签拨款的申请建议综合和组织关于通过行为改变传播艾滋病毒的现有知识。这一综合将通过一系列连续的七项理论指导和方法严谨的荟萃分析来实现。研究1将收集和综合评估发展中区域和国家的艾滋病毒预防研究的研究。研究2将收集和综合评估注射吸毒者艾滋病毒预防和吸毒行为的研究。研究3将审查应对密集的艾滋病毒风险降低努力的性别差异。研究4将确定减少风险干预措施的内容与所取得的减少风险效果之间的关系。研究5将评估大众媒体预防艾滋病毒战略的成功。研究6将对艾滋病毒的预防效果与公共卫生变化文献中获得的效果进行比较。研究7将考察风险行为是如何由与风险相关的态度和其他认知引起的。通过仔细总结这些重要且快速增长的文献的最新证据，这些元分析将向公共卫生官员、社区干预者和科学家提供信息，说明哪些干预措施效果最好，哪些干预措施的哪些组成部分影响最大，以及在什么情况下艾滋病毒风险降低干预措施最有可能成功。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application for a competing renewal grant proposes to synthesize and organize existing knowledge regarding HIV transmission through behavior change. This synthesis will be achieved through a continuing series of seven theoretically guided and methodologically rigorous meta-analyses. Study 1 will gather and synthesize studies evaluating HIV prevention studies in developing regions and countries. Study 2 will gather and synthesize studies evaluating prevention of HIV in IDU and drug-use behaviors. Study 3 will examine gender differences in response to intensive HIV risk-reduction efforts. Study 4 will determine how the content of risk-reduction interventions relates to the risk-reduction effects obtained. Study 5 will evaluate the success of mass-media strategies for HIV prevention. Study 6 will compare HIV prevention effects to those obtained across public-health change literatures. Study 7 will examine how risk behaviors are caused by or cause risk related attitudes and other cognitions. By carefully summing up the evidence to date on these important and quickly growing literatures, these meta-analyses will inform public health officials, community-based interventionists, and scientists about which interventions work best, which components of interventions have the largest impact, and the circumstances under which HIV risk-reduction interventions are most likely to be successful.