The Other European: Exploring the Boundaries of the (im)possible Euro

是否有可能将欧洲视为一个哲学和政治空间，既不认为自己是普遍的或可普遍的空间，也不认为自己是一个特殊的社区？这个博士提案通过一种新的方法深入探讨了欧洲共同体中众所周知的问题：“其他欧洲人”，也就是说，通过探究我认为与我不同，但属于同一空间的人，既能认识到差异，又能在一个单一的集体项目中包容这种差异。西蒙·格伦丁尼教授同意监督这项博士提案，它远离了欧洲身份的问题，转而关注另类：它探讨了对“其他欧洲人”是谁的不同哲学理解如何重新定义欧洲共同体的边界，特别是当它生活在边缘时。我们建议探讨三个相互依存的问题。首先，论文将着眼于其他欧洲的现代理解及其对欧洲共同体边界的政治后果，它概念化。其次，论文探讨了他者欧洲人的其他化身，特别是通过社会（超越）现象学观点，以及它对政治归属和欧洲公民身份所隐含的政治重新定义。最后，这篇论文虽然主要是一项哲学政治研究，但将研究这些概念在当代行动者中的回响，更具体地说，是位于欧洲共同体边缘的欧洲送货员，以及与之相关的归属感和公民身份的概念。欧洲的轮廓和身份是困扰欧洲哲学和政治学者的一个问题（Strath, 2002; Delanty, 2004; Fligstein, 2008; Checkel, 2009）。在这种学术研究中，欧洲被困在方法论民族主义和特殊主义之间的不可能的僵局中，用国家的工具和世界政治资源来探究欧洲，将欧洲概念化为一个尚未普遍化的特殊空间。这种僵局反过来又滋养了关于欧洲计划的基础及其可行性的深刻问题：如果一个人不能定义欧洲这个哲学-政治对象，又怎么能想象它的未来呢？质疑欧洲共同体的本体论基础（谁被认为是欧洲共同体的组成部分？）及其政治后果（承认的标准如何影响共同体的过程和产物？），使我们能够摆脱试图根据其本质身份来定义欧洲的学术，而是帮助我们创造一个欧洲的图景，通过另类，具体地生活，体验，但也被肉体所违背。这项调查将通过重建和政治化对他者欧洲的现代理解，探索从这种现代性中出现的他者欧洲的其他化身，并最终研究这些概念如何在当代行动者中产生共鸣，选择位于欧洲共同体边缘的欧洲送货员的案例。关键词：欧洲、另类、认同、共同体、普遍主义、特殊主义

Is it at all possible to think of Europe as a philosophical and political space that neither conceives itself as the space of the universal or as universalisable, nor as a particularistic community? This PhD proposal dives into the all-too-well-known question of the European community through a renewed approach: the 'Other European', that is, by inquiring into who I consider as being different from me, yet belonging to the same space, enabling both the recognition of difference and the inclusion of that difference within a single, collective project. This PhD proposal, which Professor Simon Glendinning has agreed to supervise, moves away from the question of European identity and instead focuses on alterity: it explores how different philosophical understandings of who the Other European is redefine the boundaries of the European community, especially as it is lived in its margins. We propose to explore three co-dependent problematisations. First, the dissertation will look at the modern understandings of the Other European and its political consequences on the boundaries of the European community that it conceptualises. Second, the dissertation explores the alternative incarnations of the Other European, notably through a social (beyond-)phenomenological outlook, and the political redefinition that it implies for political belonging and European citizenship. Finally, the dissertation, although it is primarily a philosophicopolitical inquiry, will study the echoes of such concepts amongst contemporary actors, more specifically delivery riders in Europe, situated at the margins of that European community and the very concepts of belonging and citizenship that are attached to it. Europe's contours and identity is a question haunting philosophical and political scholarship onEurope (Strath, 2002; Delanty, 2004; Fligstein, 2008; Checkel, 2009). In this scholarship, Europe is held within an impossible deadlock between methodological nationalism and particularism, inquiring into Europe using the tools of the state, and cosmopolitical resources, conceptualising Europe as a particular space which has yet to be universalised. This deadlock nourishes in turn profound questions about the very ground, and thus viability, of the European project: if one cannot define the philosophico-political object that is Europe, how can one imagine its future? Interrogating the ontological groundings of the European community (who is considered as forming part of the European community?) and its political consequences (how do the criteria of recognition impact the very processes and products of that community?), enables us to move away from a scholarship tempted to define Europe in terms of its essential identity, and instead helps us create a picture of a Europe, which, through alterity, is concretely lived, experienced, but also transgressed by bodies. This inquiry will be conducted by reconstructing and politicising the modern understandings of the Other European and exploring the alternative incarnations of the Other European which emerged from this Modernity, and finally studying how these conceptualisations resonate amongst contemporary actors, choosing the case of delivery riders in Europe, situated at the margins of the European community.Key words: Europe, alterity, identity, community, universalism, particularism