Your eyes can deceive you: Predictive biases in perceptual representation of dynamic facial expressions.

我们常常觉得只要看看别人的脸就能知道他们的感受。当我们的同事过了糟糕的一天，或者为什么我们的伴侣在微笑，我们都能感觉到。然而，尽管我们可能觉得我们可以简单地读懂别人脸上的表情，但研究表明，一个更复杂的过程是利用我们对他人的了解来“预测”他们此刻的感受，我们在他们脸上看到的东西反映了他们真实的表情和我们期望的表情。拟议中的研究测试了这一假设，特别是关于他人的先前情绪信息——他们的肢体语言，他们对自己的评价——是否不仅会改变我们对他们的感觉的看法，还会改变我们对他们面部表情的看法。例如，它将测试一张快乐的脸是否会比用兴奋的肢体语言显得更快乐，而用沮丧的肢体语言显得更不快乐。我们还将调查自闭症患者是否在社会交往中挣扎，矛盾的是，因为他们更多地看到别人的表情是真实的，而不是在特定的环境下他们应该是什么样子。这项研究将大大提高我们对我们如何解读他人情绪的理解，以及为什么我们有时会继续误解他们，尽管有相反的证据。这些发现可能会产生广泛的影响，从执法培训中的情绪阅读到针对自闭症患者的新干预措施，目前自闭症患者只关注从面部表情中解读情感的词典。

It often feels like we can just look at someone's face and know how they feel. We sense when our coworker had a bad day or why our partner is smiling. Yet, although it may feel like we can simply read the expressions in others' faces, research suggests a more sophisticated process that uses what we know about the other person to "predict" how they should feel in this moment, and that what we seein their face reflects both: the expression they really show and the one we expect.The proposed research tests this hypothesis, specifically whether prior emotion information about others - their body language, what they say about themselves - changes not only how we think they feel but also how we perceive their facial expressions. It will test, for example, whether a happy face will appear happier than it is with an excited body language, and less happy with a downcast body language. We will also investigate whether autistic individuals struggle in social interactions, paradoxically, because they see others' expressions more as they really are rather than how they should look like given the context.This research will greatly enhance our understanding of how we read others' emotions and why we sometimes continue to misunderstand them, despite evidence to the contrary. The findings may have wide impacts, from emotion reading in law enforcement training to new interventions for autistic individuals, which currently only focus on a lexicon-like reading of emotions from facial expressions.