EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE ON EMPATHY

这个子项目是利用由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供的资源的许多研究子项目之一。子项目和调查员(PI)可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金，因此可能会出现在其他CRISE条目中。列出的机构是针对中心的，而不一定是针对调查员的机构。黑猩猩安慰被攻击的受害者。如果另一只黑猩猩在打斗中受伤，它们会走近，并用胳膊搂住它们。他们还提供有针对性的帮助，为其他人提供他们需要的帮助，比如救他们免于溺水或支持受伤的同伴。一些研究人员认为，在最近的进化史中不太可能出现同理心。事实上，有实验证据表明，情感在其他动物中也会传染，比如老鼠和猴子。对我们的近亲类人猿的研究尤其丰富，这表明与猴子相比，人类具有更聪明的同理心。目前的研究完全是行为学的，包括观察和实验两部分。观察耶尔克斯灵长类中心两个社会群体中黑猩猩的自发行为，以衡量社会对受伤或痛苦的个人的反应，例如输掉战斗的个人。该项目的实验部分试图测试对视频上的社交序列的反应，特别是序列的首选结果，其结果可能从攻击升级到其他人向攻击受害者提供的安慰。这项工作将利用六只训练有素的黑猩猩，这些黑猩猩过去曾被用于计算机化(操纵杆调节)任务。他们将在电脑屏幕上选择图像，我们将衡量他们更喜欢什么样的情感内容或结果。这样做的目的是看看他们是否关心别人的遭遇。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Chimpanzees console victims of attack. If another chimpanzee has been hurt in a fight, they will approach, and put an arm around them. They also show targeted help in which they provide others with assistance they need, such as saving them from drowning or supporting an injured companion. Several investigators have considered it unlikely that empathy arose in recent evolutionary history. Indeed, there is experimental evidence for emotional contagion in other animals, such as rats and monkeys. Studies on our closest relatives, the anthropoid apes, are particularly rich, suggesting more intelligent forms of empathy than in monkeys. The present study is entirely behavioral, with both an observational and experimental component. Observations of spontaneous behavior among chimpanzees in two social groups at the Yerkes Primate Center so as to measure social responses to hurt or distressed individuals, such as individuals who have lost a fight. The experimental component of the project seeks to test responses to social sequences on video, particularly the preferred outcome of sequences, which outcomes may range from escalation of aggression to reassurance provided by others to a victim of attack. This work will take advantage of six well-trained chimpanzees who have been used in the past in computerized (joystick mediated) tasks. They will select images on a computer screen, and we will measure what kind of emotional contents or outcomes they prefer. The objective is to see if they care about what happens to others or not.