BINOCULAR COORDINATION OF EYE MOVEMENTS

这个子项目是利用由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供的资源的许多研究子项目之一。子项目和调查员(PI)可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金，因此可能会出现在其他CRISE条目中。列出的机构是针对中心的，而不一定是针对调查员的机构。必须在水平、垂直和扭转平面上保持双目对准，以确保双目感觉融合。不幸的是，发育过程中异常的视觉体验通常会导致眼睛不对准(斜视)。事实上，各种研究都报告了斜视的发病率约占婴儿人口的2%-5%。我们培育了一只猴子，一次只能用一只眼睛看世界，从而开发了一种斜视动物模型。这是通过在一只眼睛上放置不透明的隐形眼镜，并在日常基础上与另一只眼睛交替(交替单眼遮挡)来实现的。我们来自斜视猴子的数据证实了人类的数据，眼睛不对准伴随着双眼协调能力的缺乏。除了水平错位，我们还发现动物表现出垂直错位，非凝视的眼睛比凝视的眼睛更高。最有可能的是扭转不对中也存在。水平和垂直错位都会随着注视位置的不同而不同。因此，我们交替单眼遮挡的饲养模式产生的动物具有类似于人类形式的斜视的排列模式，例如A/V模式斜视和分离性垂直偏差(DVD)。这些现象还不完全清楚，我们正在进行神经生理学和成像研究。动眼神经核内运动神经元的记录显示，在因视觉感觉剥夺而导致斜视的猴子中，中枢结构发出的错误信号是导致斜视的跨轴运动和A/V模式的原因。本研究的完成将有助于对某些类型斜视的认识和治疗。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Binocular alignment must be maintained in the horizontal, vertical and torsional planes to ensure binocular sensory fusion. Unfortunately, abnormal visual experience during development usually leads to ocular misalignment (strabismus). In fact, various studies have reported the incidence of strabismus to be about 2-5% of the infant population. We have developed an animal model for strabismus by rearing monkeys that only view the world through one eye at a time. This is accomplished by placing an opaque contact lens on one eye and alternating to the other eye on a daily basis (alternate monocular occlusion). Our data from strabismic monkeys have confirmed human data that ocular misalignment is accompanied by a lack of binocular coordination. In addition to horizontal misalignment, we have found that the animals show vertical misalignment with the non-fixating eye being higher than the fixating eye. Most likely a torsional misalignment is present as well. Both horizontal and vertical misalignment varies with gaze position. Thus our rearing paradigm of alternate monocular occlusion produces animals with alignment patterns that resemble human forms of strabismus such as A/V pattern strabismus and Dissociated Vertical Deviation (DVD). These phenomena are incompletely understood and we are conducting neurophysiological and imaging studies to study them. Recording from motoneurons in the oculomotor nucleus show that in monkeys with strabismus due to visual sensory deprivation, errant signals emanating from central structures are responsible for cross-axis movements and A/V patterns of strabismus. Completion of our studies will be of benefit to the understanding and treatment of certain types of strabismus.