Restraint & Attributions: Risk Factors in Alcohol Abuse

描述(由申请人提供)：我们寻求继续我们的饮酒限制研究计划(即，专注于控制酒精摄入量)。有节制的饮酒者在饮酒的诱惑和酒精摄入量的控制之间取得平衡。我们拓宽了我们的概念框架，以考虑影响在青少年(21-30岁)社交饮酒者饮酒监管中的作用，他们可能有酗酒的风险。我们的框架综合了远端和近端的认知和情感因素。远端认知因素包括饮酒限制和饮酒预期。远端情感包括积极因素(外向、生活满意度)和消极因素(神经质、抑郁)。近端认知因素为饮酒动机(应对、增强)，近端情感因素为饮酒前情绪(积极、消极)。我们假设，远端和近端因素直接预测与不酗酒(每天4杯酒)和酗酒(每天5杯酒，有酒精问题)相关的调控结果。近端因素作为远端因素和酒精调节结果之间的中介变量。我们将：1)对所提出的概念框架进行横断面测试，以确定远端和近端认知和情感因素在饮酒调控结果中的相对贡献。一个大样本的年轻人将完成代表感兴趣的结构的问卷，我们将使用结构方程模型来测试概念框架。2)考察近端情绪(积极和消极)和情景认知(即饮酒动机)在情景饮酒中的作用以及特质情感和认知因素在情景饮酒中的作用。我们将进行一项实验，在临时饮酒任务之前，我们诱导情绪(积极、消极、中性)，并评估情景饮酒动机。在分层多元回归中，与酒精相关的因变量将回归到特质变量和状态变量上，这些变量的输入顺序与概念框架一致。3)研究改变饮酒的近端预测因素(使用情绪调节来改变情绪，行为策略来改变动机，或两者兼而有之)是否会增强年轻人调节酒精摄入量的能力。参与者将被随机分配到两个疗程的干预中，并在1个月、3个月和6个月进行随访。使用手机和交互式语音应答(IVR)软件进行日常自我监测的数据将提供饮酒前因情景的详细长期视角。这项研究在使用补充方法(问卷、实验、日常监测)和技术(手机、IVR)方面具有创新性，旨在探索认知和情感变量在饮酒监管综合概念模型中的作用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We seek to continue our program of research on drinking restraint (i.e., the preoccupation with controlling alcohol intake). Restrained drinkers balance between the temptation to drink and the regulation of alcohol intake. We broaden our conceptual framework to consider the role of affect in the regulation of drinking by young-adult (age 21-30 years) social drinkers, who may be at risk for alcohol abuse. Our framework integrates distal and proximal cognitive and affective factors. The distal cognitive factors include drinking restraint and alcohol expectancies. Distal affect includes positive (extraversion, life satisfaction) and negative (neuroticism, depression) factors. The proximal cognitive factors are drinking motives (coping, enhancement) and the proximal affective factors are mood (positive, negative) before drinking. We hypothesize that the distal and proximal factors directly predict regulation outcomes related to nonbinge (< 4 drinks/day) and binge (> 5 drinks/day, alcohol problems) drinking. The proximal factors serve as intervening variables between the distal factors and alcohol regulation outcomes. We will: 1) Conduct a cross-sectional test of the proposed conceptual framework to identify the relative contributions of distal and proximal cognitive and affective factors in drinking regulation outcomes. A large sample of young adults will complete questionnaires that represent the constructs of interest and we will use structural equation modeling to test the conceptual framework. 2) Examine the role of proximal mood (positive and negative) and situational cognitions (i.e., drinking motives) as well as the contributions of trait affective and cognitive factors in situational drinking. We will conduct an experiment in which we induce mood (positive, negative, neutral) just prior to an ad libitum drinking task and assess situational drinking motives. In hierarchical multiple regressions, alcohol-related dependent variables will be regressed on trait and state variables, which are entered in an order that is consistent with the conceptual framework. 3) Examine whether changing proximal predictors of drinking (use mood regulation to change moods, behavioral strategies to change motives, or both) will enhance young adults' ability to regulate their alcohol intake. Participants will be randomly assigned to a 2-session intervention with follow-ups at 1-, 3-, and 6-months. Data from daily self-monitoring using cellular phones and interactive voice response (IVR) software will provide a detailed long-term perspective on situational antecedents of drinking. The proposed studies are innovative in their use of complementary methods (questionnaires, experiment, daily monitoring) and technology (cellular phones, IVR) to explore the role of cognitive and affective variables in an integrative conceptual model of drinking regulation.